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It concentrates on those models which fail to be strictly isotropic, but which are nearly isotropic. Under these circumstances, one can consider the cosmological models as perturbations of an initial Robertson-Walker model. This allows a \\(3+1\\)-decomposition of the essential field equations, leading to a tetrad description of the models. As matter description, a scalar field and perfect fluid are taken, and the energy conditions are applied. The singularity theorem is presented, and the proof is sketched. Models with strict spatial symmetries are presented with main emphasis on the Bianchi models. Here, also particle horizons are discussed, and finally, some philosophical questions are touched upon. 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