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paper demonstrates the existence of a useful type of surgery on symplectic 4-manifolds, which generalises the rational blow-down operation of \\textit{R. Fintushel} and \\textit{R. J. Stern} [J. Differ. Geom. 46, No. 2, 181--235 (1997; Zbl 0896.57022)].NEWLINENEWLINELet \\((X, \\omega)\\) be a closed symplectic 4-manifold. Suppose \\(X\\) contains a finite collection of closed symplectic 2-manifolds \\(C_1, \\dots, C_m\\) which intersect ``symplectically negative definitely'' as follows: \\(C = \\cup C_i\\) is connected; each \\(C_i\\) and \\(C_j\\) (for \\(i \\neq j\\)) intersect \\(\\omega\\)-orthogonally; and the intersection matrix \\(I\\), where \\(I_{ij} = C_i \\cdot C_j\\), is negative definite. This intersection pattern is described by a plumbing graph \\(\\Gamma_C\\): A vertex \\(v\\) of \\(\\Gamma_C\\) corresponds to a surface \\(C_v\\), and is decorated by the self-intersection number \\(e_v = C_v \\cdot C_v\\) and the genus \\(g_v\\) of \\(C_v\\); edges of \\(\\Gamma_C\\) correspond to intersections of the \\(C_v\\). By a theorem of \\textit{H. Grauert} [Math. Ann. 146, 331--368 (1962; Zbl 0173.33004)], the negative definiteness of \\(\\Gamma_C\\) is equivalent to the existence of a normal surface singularity \\((S,0)\\) with resolution dual graph \\(\\Gamma_C\\). The authors assume that \\((S,0)\\) admits a smoothing with Milnor fibre \\(W_C\\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe main theorem states that, under these assumptions, there is a tubular neighbourhood \\(\\nu C\\) of \\(C\\), and an orientation-reversing diffeomorphism \\(\\phi: \\partial(X - \\text{Int} \\; \\nu C ) \\rightarrow \\partial W_C\\) such that \\(X_C = (X - \\text{Int} \\; \\nu C) \\cup_\\phi W_C\\) admits a symplectic structure extending \\(\\omega|_{X - \\nu C}\\). That is, \\(\\nu C\\) can be cut out of \\(X\\) and replaced by \\(W_C\\) to create a new closed symplectic 4-manifold \\(X_C\\). In particular, there is a symplectic structure on \\(W_C\\) which glues together smoothly with the symplectic structure on \\(X - \\nu C\\).NEWLINENEWLINEThis theorem resolves a conjecture of Gay-Stipsicz, who proved a similar result under more restrictive assumptions on \\(\\Gamma_C\\) [\\textit{D. T. Gay} and \\textit{A. I. Stipsicz}, Algebr. Geom. Topol. 9, No. 4, 2203--2223 (2009; Zbl 1193.57014)].NEWLINENEWLINEThe essential idea of the proof is to construct \\(\\nu C\\) and \\(W_C\\) as symplectic manifolds with contact-type boundaries admitting contact structures \\(\\xi_C\\) and \\(\\xi_M\\) respectively. These contact structures are shown to be contactomorphic, so that gluing them respects symplectic structures.NEWLINENEWLINEThe authors build on the work of Gay-Stipsicz to construct \\(\\nu C\\) and \\(\\xi_C\\) explicitly. Further, they show how to construct explicit open book decompositions supporting \\(\\xi_C\\) and which are \\textit{horizontal} with respect to the structure of \\(\\partial \\nu C\\) as a graph manifold. In fact, prescribing an arbitrary positive number of binding components at each vertex of \\(\\Gamma_C\\), such an open book decomposition can be found.NEWLINENEWLINEAs for the Milnor fibre \\(W_C\\) of the normal surface singularity \\((S,0)\\), it is a Stein domain and has a \\textit{Milnor fillable} contact structure \\(\\xi_M\\). The authors rely on results of \\textit{C. Caubel} et al. [Topology 45, No. 3, 673--689 (2006; Zbl 1098.53064)] to provide horizontal open book decompositions of \\(\\partial W_C\\) supporting \\(\\xi_M\\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe authors show that these constructions can be used to find horizontal open book decompositions supporting \\(\\xi_C\\) and \\(\\xi_M\\) which have the same positive number of binding components at each vertex of \\(\\Gamma_C\\). The results of Caubel et al. then imply that the open book decompositions are equivalent, so \\(\\xi_C\\) and \\(\\xi_M\\) are contactomorphic, proving the main result.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q462178$DB30830D-523C-4343-A73D-21EA730A074B","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Smoothings of singularities and symplectic surgery","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Smoothings_of_singularities_and_symplectic_surgery"}}}}}