{"entities":{"Q4650859":{"pageid":6680440,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q4650859","lastrevid":109492247,"modified":"2026-11-12T16:27:04Z","type":"item","id":"Q4650859","labels":{},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2135179"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4650859$D64AB370-BFB6-4F02-BA61-0966DB636274","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"ef5debc7599893f757000064fe19efd784bd8768","datavalue":{"value":"1062.14018","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4650859$2CC8198C-3E44-4B08-A0E9-28B14C7DA9C9","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"696e3dacac689db5de5f6fea0f8b5fea1937cfb9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":239940,"id":"Q239940"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4650859$553F9944-F429-4A7B-A505-FCCB12438A17","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"b7bdaafc754b21c441823c02d0a8e143cfd1e134","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2005-02-18T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4650859$C3545063-D2BB-42F6-A04C-B04C11A997D5","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"6c8a1289a1f6047200109384f26c0042aab2aaa5","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0412523","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4650859$2CBFF525-ACD9-493D-95B4-B7A788E6F802","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ba5c5b6e0015c8c123455a26d5f750389eb494dc","datavalue":{"value":"14E07","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4650859$EC284AA9-B888-4F40-842B-260429278458","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"2b0d4936beb5b9e5d9cf380653bfee9a42bcf8e0","datavalue":{"value":"14E30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4650859$D7C46D6E-F57A-49F9-AD72-7C28010628AF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4a1cad158d855a2e8ea1a990792bb1979d58b9a7","datavalue":{"value":"14E05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4650859$794224E8-822B-41E8-8346-1103E5776ADD","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"9d75ab906c1d564ec4e87731f55e96eaced836e4","datavalue":{"value":"2135179","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4650859$C6753C42-4F8F-4CC8-B1EF-B9E4450A7E76","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"95d8e061ae891ae238409d6c1473c71905a5a33c","datavalue":{"value":"rationality","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4650859$037C36AC-52C9-431B-9387-95742E4588A4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"94a2b7dd56a4a98289d5e69e15dab139ef6059e2","datavalue":{"value":"birational","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4650859$6F3023C0-D653-4163-84DD-0C3C9B22BAB2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"67d02a1f917109fb39b6d4dd829abea31e85c320","datavalue":{"value":"rigidity","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4650859$2261E99E-0AE3-4E73-9B2E-898C038DDF03","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"447fa387c72cb86649422f0b737610382e7b4be8","datavalue":{"value":"automorphisms","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4650859$6AB818B1-FEA0-4D2B-AB8D-FB8410680814","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4650859$D5E38A98-010B-41A7-8EE7-A23DEFDE517C","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3836744b2b4040676c532bceb9d54835d9a56cd7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1127649,"id":"Q1127649"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f7a82b85e2250fa28489fffa09cd494e4c1f9935","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.846704363822937","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4650859$41B38D5D-367B-4CA0-B43A-E2BA1289088E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1006fe58f0af4fb1d2494eb9ea727058c0ff66bf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4950369,"id":"Q4950369"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f7a82b85e2250fa28489fffa09cd494e4c1f9935","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.846704363822937","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4650859$30E7400E-4331-4D82-96A1-0CBFF8D0E1D9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"48d9ff37e731589d069751aff5535a31b8e67e96","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1018077,"id":"Q1018077"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6660be5546c9389cfc70e9b47212c0b86870aa08","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7701982855796814","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4650859$7613BC7D-BA32-4567-B989-CB0B9B787D33","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"325b601d03f6c14d13e9cf611008a5cd61454e67","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4838936,"id":"Q4838936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5813b848ae1c306e6ef4b206014251514ff8fe1c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7641626596450806","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4650859$B3BBDE29-9DDB-4A8C-868B-7511AF40148B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"420fe0898dd77aec3d65520c4f5d751cc83ec2c7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5387184,"id":"Q5387184"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"66318202aa5c7dc24d44438bcc76a32492ae4a4c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7640314102172852","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4650859$AD25ACBC-ACB1-4899-A961-AD3BDE6DDF13","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"ce7bbba17edc0fa91930ccab5e6a30cfc64bac76","datavalue":{"value":"The paper under review is a survey of Noether-Fano inequalities in birational geometry, starting with the original Noether inequality and up to the modern approach of the Sarkisov program. The general theory of birational maps of the plane has been developed by Cremona since 1863. The factorization conjecture of such maps into quadratic ones was given by \\textit{A. Clebsch} [``\u00dcber die Abbildung algebraischer Fl\u00e4chen, insbesondere der vierten und f\u00fcnften Ordnung'', Clebsch Ann. I. 253 (1869; JFM 02.0633.02)] in 1869, who proved it for the maps of degree \\(n\\leq 8\\). \\textit{M. Noether} also announced the proof of this conjecture in 1869 and showed that it follows from the inequality \\(\\nu_1+\\nu_2+\\nu_3>n\\) for three maximal multiplicities of base points of linear system giving the birational map, and he proved this inequality in 1871 [Clebsch Ann. IV. 547--570. (1871; JFM 03.0425.02)]. Independently \\textit{J. Rosanes} [Borchardt J. LXXIII. 97--111 (1871; JFM 03.0047.02)] discovered this inequality and gave his own proof by induction. However the factorization theorem does follow from this inequality very non-trivially, a lot of papers of different authors were devoted to it. The first complete proof of the factorization theorem was obtained by \\textit{G. Castelnuovo} [Torino Atti 36, 861--874 (1901; JFM 32.0675.03)] in 1901 and the most clear proof was obtained by \\textit{J. W. Alexander} [Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 22, 279 (1916; JFM 46.0889.01)]. The birational and geometrical sense of the Noether inequality was understood later and it is close to the question of birational invariance of adjunction termination. The study of birational transformations of \\(\\mathbb{P}^3\\) was started by Cayley, Noether and Cremona. However only some particular examples were considered and no general theory was created, however they understood that for Cremona transformations of \\(\\mathbb{P}^3\\) there is an analog of the Noether inequality: there is a maximal singularity that is either a base curve of degree more than \\(\\frac{n}{4}\\), or a point with a multiplicity more than \\(\\frac{n}{2}\\), and that the joint degree of maximal curves is \\(\\leq 15\\), where \\(n\\) is the degree of the linear system that defines a birational transformation of \\(\\mathbb{P}^3\\). Later Fano used the analog of the Noether inequality in the study of the birational geometry of a quartic 3-fold in \\(\\mathbb{P}^4\\) and a complete intersection of a quadric and a cubic in \\(\\mathbb{P}^5\\). The inequalities obtained by Fano were generalized to smooth Fano varieties and conic bundles by Iskovskikh and Manin, who named them Noether-Fano inequalities. The modern treatment of Noether-Fano inequalities, known as Sarkisov program, was done by \\textit{A. Corti} [J. Algebr. Geom. 4, 223--254 (1995; Zbl 0866.14007)]. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1051.00013].","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4650859$7103FE19-0D9C-41AC-BE8A-52A1A36BFA48","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:4650859","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:4650859"}}}}}