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In [J. Lond. Math. Soc. 27, 81--85 (1952; Zbl 0046.02003)], \\textit{K. A. Hirsch} proved that ``every polycyclic group is residually fnite''. This result was improved by \\textit{A. Learner} [Ill. J. Math. 8, 536--542 (1964; Zbl 0124.26304)], who proved that a polycyclic group is a residually finite \\(\\pi\\)-group for some finite set \\(\\pi\\). Later, \\textit{A. L. Shmel'kin} [Sib. Mat. Zh. 9, 234--235 (1968; Zbl 0203.32602)] showed that a polycyclic group is a residually finite \\(p\\)-group for every prime \\(p\\). In the article under review, the author proves, among other things, the following results:  Theorem 1. Let \\(G\\) be a soluble group with finite rank, and let \\(T(G)\\) be the maximal normal periodic subgroup of \\(G\\).  1. The group \\(G\\) is a residually finite \\(\\pi\\)-group, for some finite prime numbers set \\(\\pi\\), iff \\(T(G)\\) is finite and \\(G\\) does not contain subgroups isomorphic to the additive rational number group \\(Q\\).  2. Let \\(p\\) be a prime number. Then, \\(G\\) is a finite extension of a residually finite \\(p\\)-group iff \\(T(G)\\) is finite and G does not contain subgroups isomorphic to the additive group \\(Q_p\\) of \\(p\\)-adic fractions.  Theorem 2. Let \\(G\\) be a nilpotent group with finite rank, and let \\(T(G)\\) be the torsion subgroup of \\(G\\). 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