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Souriau} [Structure des syst\u00e8mes. Paris: Dunod (1970; Zbl 0186.58001)]. The author notices that as solutions \\((t,r_i(t),v_i(t))\\) of the Newton's equations \\(m_i\\,dv_i - F_i\\,dt = 0\\), \\(dr_i - v_i\\,dt = 0\\) \\((i =1, \\ldots, n)\\) for the \\(n\\) particles system in the space of evolutions \\(\\mathbb R^{6n+1}\\) with coordinates \\((t,r_i(,v_i)\\), \\(r_i = (r_{i1}, r_{i2}, r_{i3})\\), \\(v_i = (v_{i1}, v_{i2}, v_{i3})\\) there appear the integral curves of the 1-dimensional distribution \\(x \\to \\operatorname{Ker} \\sigma_x = \\{ \\sigma(X,\\cdot) = 0, X\\in T_x\\mathbb R^{6n+1}\\}\\), where \\(\\sigma = \\sigma_{B_1,\\ldots,B_n}\\) is some given 2-form, depending on masses \\(m_i\\), on forces \\(F_i\\) and on arbitrary 3-vectors \\(B_i = B_i(t,r_j,v_j)\\). It is shown that \\(\\sigma\\) is closed if and only if \\(B_i= B_i(r_i)\\), \\(\\operatorname{div}B_i =0\\), \\[ F_i = \\operatorname{grad}_{r_i} U(t, r_1, \\ldots, r_n) - B_i\\times  v_i, \\] where \\(V(t,r_1, \\ldots, r_n)\\) is an arbitrary function, \\(\\operatorname{grad}r_i = (\\partial/\\partial r_{i1}, \\partial/\\partial r_{i2}, \\partial/\\partial r_{i3})\\). The Galilean group \\(G\\) can be considered as the group of transformations of the evolution space \\(\\mathbb R^{6n+1}\\) which conserves the distribution \\(\\operatorname{Ker} \\sigma\\) and transforms the form \\(\\sigma\\) covariantly: \\[ A^*\\sigma_{B_1\\cdots B_n} = \\sigma_{A_*B_1, \\ldots, A_*B_n} \\text{for all }A\\in G. \\] Following Souriau the author defines the moment of the group \\(G \\) as the smooth map \\(\\mu: T\\mathbb R^{6n+1} \\to\\mathfrak G^*\\) \\((\\mathfrak G^*\\) is the conjugate space of the Lie algebra \\(\\mathfrak G\\) of \\(G)\\) which satisfies the condition \\(\\sigma(Z,\\cdot) = d(\\mu\\cdot Z)\\) for any \\(Z\\in\\mathfrak G\\) considered as a vector field on \\(T\\mathbb R^{6n+1}\\). It is easily proved that the moment \\(\\mu\\) of \\(G\\) exists and is essentially unique and that it is a first integral of the equation \\(\\operatorname{Ker}\\sigma = 0\\). The author shows that the components of \\(\\mu\\) with respect to the natural basis of \\(\\mathfrak G^*\\) are the momentum, the moment of momentum and the energy of the \\(n\\) particles system and thus he obtains the laws of conservation of these quantities.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4770048$1EC04E9D-BA6E-42B3-A74D-8A553E7ED2AC","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Symplectic mechanics","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Symplectic_mechanics"}}}}}