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This topology makes possible to define cohomology and homotopy invariants for abstract algebraic varieties and schemes and are essential to the proofs of the Riemann-Weil conjectures by P. Deligne. The exposition has four parts. In the first the author introduces the the language of categories and the necessary algebra (19 pages). In the second, categories of sheaves over a topological space are introduced (13 pages). In the third part the very general categorical concept ``Grotendieck topologies'' is introduced (17 pages). Finally in the last part the author introduces the \u00e9tale topology (14 pages). 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