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The first example is the monstrous moonshine for the monster simple group \\(\\mathbb{M}\\), which was conjectured by \\textit{J. H. Conway} and \\textit{S. P. Norton} [Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 11, 308--339 (1979; Zbl 0424.20010)], and \\textit{J. G. Thompson} [Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 11, 352--353 (1979; Zbl 0425.20016); ibid. 11, 347--351 (1979; Zbl 0424.20011)]. The monstrous moonshine says that there is an infinite dimensional \\(\\mathbb{Z}\\)-graded vector space \\(V = \\oplus_{m \\geq -1} V_m\\) such that for each \\(g \\in \\mathbb{M}\\) the graded trace function \\(T_g(\\tau) = \\sum_m \\mathrm{tr}_{V_m}(g) q^m\\) is a Hauptmodul for some genus zero group \\(\\Gamma_g \\subset \\mathrm{PSL}_(2,\\mathbb{R})\\). A \\(\\mathbb{Z}\\)-graded vector space \\(V^\\natural\\) on which \\(\\mathbb{M}\\) acts was constructed by \\textit{I. Frenkel} et al. in [Vertex operator algebras and the monster. Pure and Applied Mathematics, 134. Boston etc.: Academic Press, Inc. (1988; Zbl 0674.17001)] and the monstrous moonshine was proved by \\textit{R. E. Borcherds} [Invent. Math. 109, No. 2, 405--444 (1992; Zbl 0799.17014)]. Another moonshine phenomenon was discovered by \\textit{T. Eguchi} et al. [Exp. Math. 20, No. 1, 91--96 (2011; Zbl 1266.58008)] for the Mathieu \\(M_{24}\\) in connection with the elliptic genus of \\(K_3\\) surfaces.  In the paper under review the authors generalize the work of Eguchi, Ooguri and Tachikawa [loc. cit.] and discuss analogous phenomena for six groups \\(G^{(\\ell)}\\), \\(\\ell \\in \\{ 2,3,4,5,7,13 \\}\\); the set of integers such that \\(\\ell -1\\) is a divisor of \\(12\\). Those groups are \\(M_{24}\\), \\(2.M_{12}\\), \\(2.A\\mathrm{GL}_3(2)\\), \\(\\mathrm{GL}_2(5)/2\\), \\(\\mathrm{SL}_2(3)\\) and cyclic group of order \\(4\\), respectively, where \\(2.G\\) is a non-split central extension of a group \\(G\\) by a group of order \\(2\\).  One of the main results (Theorem 2.2) is that the dimension of the space of extremal weak Jacobi forms \\(J_{0,m-1}^{\\mathrm{ext}}\\) of weight \\(0\\) and index \\(m-1\\) for a positive integer \\(m\\) is \\(1\\) or \\(0\\) according as \\(m-1\\) divides \\(12\\) or not.  Many conjectures are presented. In Conjecture 5.1, the authors conjecture that for \\(\\ell \\in \\{ 2,3,4,5,7,13 \\}\\) there exists a \\(\\mathbb{Z} \\times \\mathbb{Q}\\)-graded \\(G^{(\\ell)}\\)-module \\(K^{(\\ell)}\\) whose graded trace function for each \\(g \\in G^{(\\ell)}\\) recovers the vector-valued mock modular forms \\(H_{g,r}^{(\\ell)}(\\tau)\\). In Conjecture 5.4 (Umbral moonshine conjecture) it is conjectured that for each \\(\\ell \\in \\{ 2,3,4,5,7,13 \\}\\) and \\(g \\in G^{(\\ell)}\\) the vector-valued mock modular forms \\(H_g^{(\\ell)} = (H_{g,r}^{(\\ell)})\\) coincides with a certain vector-valued generalization of the Rademacher sum. The term ``Umbral'' is used because mock modular forms require 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