{"entities":{"Q491996":{"pageid":493763,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q491996","lastrevid":57006081,"modified":"2026-03-25T15:09:09Z","type":"item","id":"Q491996","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"On primitive elements in finite fields of low characteristic"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6473728"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$D37BC90B-386A-4ED0-A1AA-557F94B0AB18","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"4e1430dbe72e4fa26687527c948a0595e1a617b9","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"On primitive elements in finite fields of low characteristic","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$48BE1228-89F1-49CD-97F9-B7B71D7DB2FD","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"dfe698e84ba7ad52d689182c70520ec69b2d2a14","datavalue":{"value":"1343.11071","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$C2934772-4447-4FE3-B70B-62290D543ACF","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"cd8ef21689152c4447dda3b4b068554bcd47dba1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":491995,"id":"Q491995"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$15BE68CE-460B-475A-BC06-441168CF1AA8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"fd65272f9ecf7ea83c67076466d3cbbb530ef40e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":432668,"id":"Q432668"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$A39489EB-603E-45F4-B339-16899889CA68","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"33122a93dfb64681be222c65bf841053fa198b88","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":165874,"id":"Q165874"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$E4BD0B97-3615-4415-9C5D-3ED6C3D7F829","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"b8bcd746b8ad4faf7a078efd0ea2ce9f485311b5","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2015-08-19T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$12571BAB-4A2B-4222-B6A6-566FD510F87C","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"e842c78e24757e03db9686e4227a867fc1beac29","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.7373","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$33D970D9-56E8-4BC8-8FD2-10C404F6F8AE","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"8713d09d8e9176797eab3d2b5f6c804db200ff1d","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(\\mathbb F_q\\) be the finite field of \\(q\\) elements, let \\(n\\in\\mathbb N\\) and denote by \\(\\mathcal{Q}(d)\\) the set of monic polynomials of degree \\(d\\) of \\(\\mathbb F_q[T]\\) which are primitive for \\(\\mathbb F_{q^n}\\). In the paper under review a lower bound on the density of primitive elements among polynomials of degree \\(d\\) is obtained. More precisely, for a divisor \\(d\\sim C\\log_q n\\) of \\(n\\), it is shown that the density of elements of \\(\\mathcal{Q}(d)\\) has the asymptotic behavior  \\[ \\frac{| \\mathcal{Q}(d)|}{q^d}\\sim\\frac{\\varphi(N-1)}{N-1}, \\]  where \\(\\varphi(\\cdot)\\) is the Euler totient function and \\(N=q^n\\). Further, an upper bound on the absolute vale of the difference of both terms in the above expression is provided.   The proof of this result relies on bounds for character sums over short intervals in \\(\\mathbb F_q[T]\\). Let \\(Q\\in\\mathbb F_q[T]\\) be a polynomial of degree \\(n\\) and \\(\\chi\\) a non-principal character modulo \\(Q\\). It is proved that, for \\(2\\log_qn\\leq r\\leq d\\leq n\\),  \\[ \\sum_{f\\in A_d}\\chi(f)=\\sum_{f\\in\\mathcal{P}(d,r)}\\chi(f)+\\mathcal{O}(nq^{-r/2}q^d) \\]  where \\(A_d\\) is the set of all polynomials of \\(\\mathbb F_q[T]\\) of degree \\(d\\) and \\(\\mathcal{P}(d,r)\\) is the set of \\(r\\)-smooth polynomials (none of the irreducible factors have degree greater than \\(r\\)) of \\(A_d\\). This constitutes a function-field analogue for estimates for sums of Dirichlet characters due to [\\textit{A. Granville} and \\textit{K. Soundararajan}, J. Am. Math. Soc. 14, No. 2, 365--397 (2001; Zbl 0983.11053)].","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$D205143A-C342-48B5-87E1-2DAF0803F6D9","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"4ce76411492ea5e822ec023ee89c890a223f3861","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":191904,"id":"Q191904"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$51B32247-10D6-4AF0-908A-023B107D993C","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"2c4af2efb3b796708d12fd7ecb4b4c9b91ff4c75","datavalue":{"value":"11L40","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$98EC27F3-D07B-4D46-BB76-A5407E290DCA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5005488ac12471348bfecb95099a57fd4da722ac","datavalue":{"value":"11T06","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$0BB04E30-866E-4F54-8793-BF5FA0836CFE","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"112d64cc98c4144606560c0e37700c514e7c3965","datavalue":{"value":"6473728","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$547339E2-A9A6-4784-8D33-76A856DE1C1A","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a3646ffaef5a755694d2a01f8da0e67055aebd35","datavalue":{"value":"primitive element","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$1CBCB628-EC8E-4A44-BEBD-453AE5CF3CBE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e845633982aff7ed89c8106abaf539cd1cf21f17","datavalue":{"value":"character sum","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$8A21A3BA-9EA3-4C74-ACE0-9307E130EEB0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2f1662cdc24006e6f39e36f3d922136ad84f620c","datavalue":{"value":"\\(L\\)-function","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$13B964B7-E140-476D-929A-5D77B03DAA35","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0e79ad6430269b54388f4ec89a588557d48e71cc","datavalue":{"value":"function field","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$667A767E-5F4B-49A2-971A-C79B9F44BCE3","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$881A2966-A9AD-4581-BD64-3678A6B742C2","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"d15a7da33fdf8e149a905111971b29ff92ae0608","datavalue":{"value":"W2963904738","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$8BCBD194-1865-442F-B741-011DD83FEAEF","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2504377c4e33be75347849ba898250810f9f348d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4548876,"id":"Q4548876"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$66BA269C-AFC2-4614-8FDE-FDA58CC9E6DA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"335fccbbe6d9a0f3830db9f507d1e19b65151257","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3291640,"id":"Q3291640"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$58F76CC6-450D-4E63-A229-D17D73D00451","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"293f4792e10db95cf4050d1e6a8dc01b72107d00","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4001344,"id":"Q4001344"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$3CDD93F9-081D-4AED-AAD7-0324E5D1D162","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"61b1b39e5db228173b5a120eb3441be213c7a003","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2701704,"id":"Q2701704"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$FA29B118-2EC5-4712-AA81-49F179CCF72F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0db340cee27a6e90b89e9608c03cbc1dd643ffe8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1320524,"id":"Q1320524"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$09F282B7-2C44-41DC-BCE7-48D5232EF25D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"688a32af6c2129ff6262335f3cc446dccd5d69dc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4383041,"id":"Q4383041"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$197015C3-4C79-4370-9A04-902D35A40A50","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c11ca58cf28480d35e573542a5bc847f5c385923","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4156496,"id":"Q4156496"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$7AE6EAED-696C-4267-989A-75DC4D42BEC0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6bc3fa068f09c99d9447e484ca7f5ee569bd8105","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5905941,"id":"Q5905941"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$328352BC-73EA-4B3C-88B3-756288DA972A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9fcb81bcc830274100bb0a9570d356ef440b763e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2776773,"id":"Q2776773"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$1834994A-F7F3-4484-B2E0-8EF79B825A37","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"35f236a59f8aa9d35c7a2d53498f6186bf3d5a19","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4672545,"id":"Q4672545"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$2EAC453D-28D0-46F6-8328-E944B0E1C9A5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"241d60051a1293409b0fd00abdd8865abec6f656","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3987942,"id":"Q3987942"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$C2972949-7D8A-4BAF-ABD6-10A5BEF9DEE6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"45164a0066d992b0ccca2fc9983bb8a58493570b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5750970,"id":"Q5750970"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$A88234E8-C57B-4CB1-8E02-9DC2060F08B0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6d878c7e2fe78855c588c5d584531a50f41ebc38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4718174,"id":"Q4718174"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$BF4867C7-B165-488D-AD62-A2CCD336160B","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"bc8021be501ce665f25f527a5bb61c122c0b049b","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/J.FFA.2015.03.007","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q491996$52EA5871-A4D8-4559-9B4D-9D3AF325278A","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cf07a916f8e566b46fe22b2b3be58d84b14f9206","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3136939,"id":"Q3136939"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4cd6c038a29786629a8b39e457bd09165de8edf1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8347920775413513","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q491996$6298A7CB-9A0E-4B20-8A4A-0112F0144F62","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bb22a3bfc1946cb08c2334def41fffcca6e4c5ca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2990901,"id":"Q2990901"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f85ca4deec2398c2dead3db99dd1aaa1d8143b48","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8322771787643433","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q491996$213B8B45-24E3-4D53-A1B6-3818DD2CD132","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"eca4c544a0d8d64a3dba78dcf921500bc03cd441","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5750970,"id":"Q5750970"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c9f2a40b78ffc3911f578f2ed342fb0716bf569e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8280695080757141","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q491996$DB1106D0-FF9C-411D-9896-7EBE559996E7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"97aed356af67c1170e426b05a5397facde70a3c3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1612528,"id":"Q1612528"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bee4364d4cff02b55d5efdcc2362f9997a110826","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.824100911617279","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q491996$03B9E17D-1B45-4962-AEDF-40BB64641C57","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e3bb91c2b1d1936cbd02e964984c8ee632d9b75f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5959687,"id":"Q5959687"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9dc132e3998bc93aedbcd5d66d219df727d06524","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8231638073921204","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q491996$5DCB086F-5267-4334-8E35-7252D89F7980","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:491996","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:491996"}}}}}