{"entities":{"Q492191":{"pageid":493958,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q492191","lastrevid":62272899,"modified":"2026-04-11T04:58:08Z","type":"item","id":"Q492191","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"On the law of large numbers for martingales"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6473892"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$5025522E-AC2B-46A7-BE5B-F54E2431A4F8","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"1dea2528644b8f2dc4d9cc00bd7b901e3bd1f8bf","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"On the law of large numbers for martingales","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$32BAA3B9-7E25-4F6E-AC48-B1F31A807408","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"04a0b54f202789c0668c70ac80b1154fd57cbfaf","datavalue":{"value":"1323.60044","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$C36F813B-B5FE-492D-806B-147D3A0CE02E","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"83f3e313a3e57ebfe6bb4cf8fa7178b4fa6ea60d","datavalue":{"value":"10.1134/S0081543814080173","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$6AB6C023-D361-4A1E-9543-906BE4178099","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"52ab463cca8ead400441fcc2b4fac1f6fbb55915","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":251486,"id":"Q251486"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$B080224D-8535-48C3-A7B7-108B215D29E7","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"8e39592c2ba32aeaf9bbb43265ec41a1bb013153","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2015-08-20T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$2BC091E1-D503-4761-A2A2-94FFC30FB7F3","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"1b64881e4a274c40f0914b35abf95ef385c46dd2","datavalue":{"value":"The author establishes certain constraints under which sufficient conditions in the law of large numbers for a scheme of series of martingales are necessary. In particular, for an array of martingale differences \\({\\{\\xi_{in},\\mathcal{F}_{in}\\}_{1\\leq i\\leq k_n, n\\geq 1}}\\) with \\({|\\xi_{in}|\\leq K}\\) for some \\(K>0\\) and each \\(i\\) and \\(n\\), it is obtained that the following conditions (convergence in probability \\(\\operatorname{P}\\)) are equivalent: {\\parindent=6mm \\begin{itemize} \\item[(1)] \\({\\sum_{i=1}^{k_n}\\xi^2_{in}\\to 0}\\) as \\({n\\to\\infty};\\) \\item [(2)] \\({\\sum_{i=1}^{k_n}\\operatorname{E}(\\xi^2_{in}|\\mathcal{F}_{(i-1)n})\\to 0}\\) as \\({n\\to\\infty};\\) \\item [(3)] \\({\\sum_{i=1}^{k_n}\\xi_{in}\\to0}\\) as \\({n\\to\\infty}\\) and \\({\\sqrt{a}\\varlimsup_{n\\to\\infty}\\operatorname{P}(\\sum_{i=1}^{k_n}\\operatorname{E}(\\xi^2_{in}|\\mathcal{F}_{(i-1)n})>a)=o(1)}\\) as \\({a\\to\\infty}.\\)   \\end{itemize}} The author points out in an example that the constraint of the form  \\[  \\sqrt{a}\\varlimsup_{n\\to\\infty}\\operatorname{P}(\\sum_{i=1}^{k_n}\\operatorname{E}(\\xi^2_{in}|\\mathcal{F}_{(i-1)n})>a)=o(1)\\;\\;\\text{as} \\;\\;{a\\to\\infty}  \\]  cannot be omitted.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$B4EB6165-AF2A-47B9-B9F1-1F7D5C01763C","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"06501b652e368cc105ad78a5eac217e38c314cda","datavalue":{"value":"60F05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$CF0E88F0-C833-472A-932B-7B8F29B9CDF0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5ed4d55e3e61150aa8fe2d0b34dd7ca7ed0b67ce","datavalue":{"value":"60G42","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$3610B61A-DB05-4437-907F-1817B69DEA4B","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"9307023b8f2db305db7646d2772bc856f4d27ea6","datavalue":{"value":"6473892","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$0BFA7C38-4A8E-4746-867F-1E487E051890","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"de59dc13c56c1836381dc5fd94370ea7e0d62d96","datavalue":{"value":"law of large numbers","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$50B9154F-E96C-40AB-8F39-8ECD80FC9F71","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"497025502464a7cf9612f628a3b10a91be58c373","datavalue":{"value":"martingales","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$90685DFD-8360-404C-B32C-D8FCE51C4ED9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"44c1bec52403e903d6adea4a6de11bde63a9aed0","datavalue":{"value":"stochastic array","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$2BA7A38F-3DE1-4898-8184-EF71AC6DF3EC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"71995a57ed061fe2e19e80a3ec0c167c7095d928","datavalue":{"value":"convergence in probability","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$33286318-3982-47F9-95D7-0A96A45BB1DE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b75ca2d9a277a5391834ba722534321174ab8e6a","datavalue":{"value":"Lenglart-Rebolledo inequality","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$716D000B-552B-4581-8D0B-729E67869E07","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"081ac1a6ba5b071ed9f19423c179e05c142decca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":845225,"id":"Q845225"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$B9EC11F8-AF66-47DB-A9EF-F480318929B2","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"36e117672e0b019096b2963e1b6d6e9c7e6e437b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":294307,"id":"Q294307"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$B1CFA0FA-70CB-4B1B-9B8A-7923160E0CD5","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$CC4AAA0A-D77F-4C71-9C38-7B1822CDF813","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ab315c7d138a050fc48f4d853eb712d7b7c39836","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4227575,"id":"Q4227575"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$DDDEF386-2DC4-4E99-AFA6-89C93E9ADC83","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fe56d203b178b138789bda46be07c73ad1478f8e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4778955,"id":"Q4778955"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$592C4DD2-B8DD-4559-B036-B3855759E1CD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"36102c44605a8f7e924cd7069fdf22751e9e6364","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3908231,"id":"Q3908231"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$04EDC7AC-77C9-4C22-B48A-BD2C5B346F1F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"18a69c27e3c922029f8afc2949d2c3493e9df909","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3800818,"id":"Q3800818"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$46E7D217-9CE0-4511-BA7C-580AE6907CD4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f168716efd6b97089c110ebab6e70a9516c880e9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3104515,"id":"Q3104515"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q492191$3C8DA188-FAA1-4428-8489-962BFF1FDF50","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d52d954c8ca5e09f5e28edc4ef5531b16eabc011","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":483023,"id":"Q483023"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1e15574ae86d6811e0108bc56e5ae5809f629db0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8588088750839233","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q492191$816D2EC0-94D9-419E-B237-5D0F16AC17D9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"374c186fc6e18533442b13de8a66dece3dc013a8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2740420,"id":"Q2740420"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c384921dd31025d2aa75f1e3019981a96795963f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8497735261917114","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q492191$B302AC5A-4771-4DA0-A8C0-848A2FB24600","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cefbbb02b6f55173b2f16c64e74fd80c4f85c278","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":756246,"id":"Q756246"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b4023de94ad746a0e95a804860832b3bfb7b93bb","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8490382432937622","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q492191$A7F147B1-D70C-4E4E-83B4-583C3B5FCFB1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e718cecadbccf60de9a4c13a8c3e02de8ac7cea8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2277650,"id":"Q2277650"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"376c767e0ea38273c5aaf1c7847c99356c20346f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8485047817230225","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q492191$F83641F3-6F31-4F6F-8867-97F56D5F7211","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ce2cc5e8421d04d6b2421f6fd2345a1083fba693","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":760707,"id":"Q760707"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"05eb78be626f5032d2ebe89e9fab0d16dbf4939b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8480453491210938","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q492191$E5E842F1-95D2-40A0-9601-61872051A235","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"On the law of large numbers for martingales","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/On_the_law_of_large_numbers_for_martingales"}}}}}