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Thomas Hobbes unter dem Eindruck der Leistungen von Kepler und Galilei seine \\textit{Elementa philosophiae} \\textit{De cive}, 1642; \\textit{De corpore}, 1655; \\textit{De homine},1659 ausarbeitete, galt ihm die klassische Geometrie als Modell einer wissenschaftlichen Disziplin. Mit seinem Programm der Reduktion aller Ph\u00e4nomene auf die Bewegung von K\u00f6rpern hoffte er auch, aktuelle Grundlagendiskussionen (logische Gewi\u00dfheit der Beweise, Kontingenzwinkel) zu erledigen, die klassischen geometrischen Probleme zu l\u00f6sen und im Anschlu\u00df an Cavalieri und Roberval zur Quadratur und Rektifikation von Kegelschnitten und Spiralen beizutragen. Seine Vorschl\u00e4ge zur Reform der Grundlagen stie\u00dfen jedoch auf breite Ablehnung, und die elementaren technischen Fehler seiner Quadraturen und Rektifikationen wurden umgehend blo\u00dfgestellt, vor allem von John Wallis. Im Verlauf der langj\u00e4hrigen Kontroverse (1655-1679) mu\u00dfte Hobbes schrittweise erkennen, da\u00df seine Konzeption der Geometrie nicht nur mit den Neuerungen von Wallis (einfache Induktion, unendliche Gr\u00f6\u00dfen), sondern auch mit der traditionellen Geometrie (Kritik von Huygens, Sluse, Mylon) unvereinbar war. Hobbes hielt dennoch an seinen Prinzipien fest und k\u00e4mpfte bis an sein Lebensende erfolglos f\u00fcr die Anerkennung seiner materialistischen Geometrie. In seiner \u00fcbersichtlich aufgebauten und gr\u00fcndlichen Studie (Kap. 1 ist dem mathematischen Werdegang von Hobbes und einem Abri\u00df der Vorgeschichte der diskutierten mathematischen Fragen gewidmet, Kap. 2 den Ursachen f\u00fcr den Ausbruch des Disputs, Kap. 3-6 der eigentlichen Kontroverse, Kap. 7 den weiteren Themen des Streites, Kap. 8 der wissenschafts- und philosophiehistorischen Einordnung und Wertung, die sich gegen\u00fcber einem rein soziologischen Ansatz abgrenzt; im Anhang Beispiele geometrischer Theoreme und Konstruktionen von Hobbes in englischer \u00dcbersetzung, z. T. aus schwer zug\u00e4nglichen Quellen, ausf\u00fchrliche Bibliographie und Index) gelingt es Jesseph, verschiedene Aspekte aufzuzeigen, unter denen diese Kontroverse nicht nur f\u00fcr die Geschichte der Philosophie, sondern ebenso f\u00fcr die Geschichte der Mathematik von Bedeutung ist: 1) Entstanden aus einer Diskussion um die Reform der englischen Universit\u00e4ten ist der mathematische Disput von Anfang an mit politischen und theologischen Fragen verquickt (unendliche Gr\u00f6\u00dfen, Symbole, Materialismus), und beide Seiten er\u00f6rtern diese Implikationen in aller Offenheit -- ein historisch wohl einmaliger Fall. 2) In der Kontroverse werden viele aktuelle mathematische Diskussionen von Hobbes oder Wallis ber\u00fchrt, und zusammen mit den Stellungnahmen weiterer direkt und indirekt Beteiligter (u. a. Pell, Brouncker, Roberval, Fermat, Barrow) ergibt sich ein differenziertes Bild der Zeit des Umbruchs in der europ\u00e4ischen Mathematik unmittelbar vor dem Bekanntwerden der Infinitesimalrechnung. 3) Hobbes war kein produktiver Mathematiker, aber seine Grundlagenkritik ist keineswegs absurd, wie Jesseph an Beispielen nachweist (Kontingenzwinkel, Problem des Unendlichen). Man k\u00f6nnte noch anf\u00fcgen, da\u00df Hobbes' Forderung einer Geometrie f\u00fcr materiell existierende Gr\u00f6\u00dfen von der mathematischen Forschung erst seit dem 19. Jahrhundert aufgegriffen wurde; es ist wohl kein Zufall, da\u00df es aus dieser Zeit vereinzelt positive Urteile von Mathematikern \u00fcber Hobbes gibt (J. da Cunha/J. de Abreu, A. De Morgan). Mit ihrer souver\u00e4nen Behandlung der verschiedenartigen von der Kontroverse aufgeworfenen Fragestellungen und Themen ist die Studie hervorragend geeignet, sowohl den mathematisch wie den philosophisch Interessierten Einblick in die Bedeutung des historischen Geschehens zu geben; dabei gelingt es Jesseph, den aktuellen Stand der Forschung darzustellen bzw. erst selbst zu schaffen und gleichzeitig allgemein verst\u00e4ndlich zu bleiben. Vgl. auch die Arbeit des Autors [Rev. Hist. 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