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did algebra arise? What are its subject matter and methods? How have they changed in the process of its evolution?'' (S. XIV) -- Die vorliegende Arbeit gliedert ihr Thema in f\u00fcnf Entwicklungsstufen, von den Babyloniern bis ins 20. Jahrhundert hinein (S. XV). Von Vorteil ist hierbei, da\u00df die vielen historischen Fakten -- die auch dem Fachmann nicht immer parat sind -- nicht nur aufgez\u00e4hlt, sondern da\u00df auch die Wege dorthin und die inneren Zusammenh\u00e4nge weitgehend aufgeschl\u00fcsselt werden. Um 1930 gelang es, den Beginn einer wissenschaftlichen numerischen Gleichungslehre ins 18. Jahrhundert v.d.Z. zu den Babyloniern zur\u00fcckzudatieren, wobei man freilich erst 13 Jahrhunderte sp\u00e4ter bei den Griechen in ihrer ``geometric algebra'' auch den schriftlichen Beweis findet (S. 11). Bei Diophant (wirkte um 250) taucht schlie\u00dflich der fr\u00fcheste bekannte Nachweis einer ``literal algebra'' auf (S. 43). ``One can hardly overestimate the significance of Diophantus' Arithmetica for the subsequent history of algebra'', entsprechend der Bedeutung von Archimedes (um 287-212) f\u00fcr den Calculus (S. 47). Die Gleichungslehre der Muslime im 9. Jahrhundert k\u00f6nnte demgegen\u00fcber durch das Fehlen jeglicher Symbolik direkt als ``one backward step'' gedeutet werden (S. 55). Dieser Ausgleich trat erst an die 600 Jahre sp\u00e4ter in Westeuropa in der ``Co\u00df'' mit ihrer neuen Buchstaben- und Zeichensymbolik ein; parallel hierzu l\u00f6ste man die algebraischen Gleichungen der Grade drei und vier und stie\u00df auf nicht-reelle Zahlen. Am Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts war schlie\u00dflich durch eine eigene Fachsprache ein gewisser formaler Abschlu\u00df in der Entwicklung der Algebra erreicht (S. 77, 89f.). Ob im folgenden die Methode der unbestimmten Koeffizienten, oder ob es die symmetrischen Grundfunktionen waren, dann die Frage nach der Anzahl der Wurzeln einer Gleichung, die L\u00f6sung durch Radikale, die Erkenntnis der Unl\u00f6sbarkeit der Gleichung vom Grad f\u00fcnf usw., ab dem 17. Jahrhundert wurde die Algebra immer st\u00e4rker arithmetisiert (S. 92). ``The problem of algebraic solution of equations was solved completely by the brilliant French mathematician Evariste Galois (1811-1832)'' (S. 115). Die Gruppentheorie wurde im weiteren Verlauf eines der tragenden Elemente, um die algebraische L\u00f6sung von Gleichungen anzugehen, w\u00e4hrend die Zahlentheorie immer st\u00e4rker in die kommutative Algebra eindrang (S. 149); die fachbezogene Namensgebung spezialisierte und verfeinerte sich hierbei immer weiter. Die Geometrie ist seit Euklids Elementen (um 295 v.d.Z.) axiomatisiert, in die Algebra wurde die Axiomatik schlie\u00dflich durch Richard Dedekind (1831-1916) eingebracht (S. 139, 140). -- Dies sind einige Stichw\u00f6rter, die dem vorliegenden inhaltsreichen Buch entnommen wurden, das man folglich nicht einfach ``lesen'' kann, das man aber zu Rate ziehen wird, um speziellen Fragen zur Entwicklung der Gleichungslehre nachzugehen. Etliche eingestreute Bemerkungen zu Leben und Wirken einzelner Mathematiker und die Schilderung des historischen Werdegangs von so manchem wiederkehrenden Problem -- Inkommensurabilit\u00e4t von Seite und Diagonale im Quadrat; W\u00fcrfelverdoppelung, Winkeldreiteilung, Kreisquadratur; Fermatscher Satz; Gleichungsl\u00f6sungen usw. -- lockern die Lekt\u00fcre auf.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4938018$2895333D-C27F-4DAA-B2A7-BF1AB8A0ABBD","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:4938018","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:4938018"}}}}}