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Gauss'sche Prinzip des kleinsten Zwanges f\u00fcr die Beschreibung der Bewegung eines Systems von Massenpunkten oder von starren K\u00f6rpern unter allgemeinen geometrischen und kinematischen Zwangsbedingungen, ohne Einschr\u00e4nkungen f\u00fcr die \u00e4u\u00dferen Kr\u00e4fte auf den konservativen Fall, wird hier formuliert, und es wird gezeigt, dass f\u00fcr alle diese F\u00e4lle die Bewegungsgleichungen als differential-algebraische Gleichungen (DAE) zweiter Ordnung abgeleitet werden k\u00f6nnen. Ausgehend vom klassischen Gauss'schen Prinzip f\u00fcr Massenpunkte mit holonomen Zwangsbedingungen wird zun\u00e4chst das Prinzip auf die freie Bewegung eines einzelnen starren K\u00f6rpers durch entsprechende Koordinatendarstellung im Konfigurationsraum formuliert und dann auf die erzwungene Bewegung erweitert. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt, die entsprechende Erweiterung auf Systeme von starren K\u00f6rpern, ist nun ohne Schwierigkeiten m\u00f6glich. Die Existenz und Eindeutigkeit der L\u00f6sung der DAE's im linearen Konfigurationsraum wird bewiesen, und es wird gezeigt, dass die Lagrange'sche Formulierung nicht immer sinnvol ist, z.B. wenn die Bewegung durch rein geometrische oder gemischt geometrische und kinematische Zwangsbedingungen eingeschr\u00e4nkt ist. Solche F\u00e4lle k\u00f6nnen durch Erweiterung der Zwangsbedingungen \\(G=0\\) behandelt werden, und zwar durch eine Spaltung \\(G=(G_1, G_2) \\), wo \\(G_1\\) die geometrischen und \\(G_2\\) die kinematischen Zw\u00e4nge darstellen, oder mittels \\(\\widehat G=\\Theta\\circ G=0\\), wo \\(\\Theta\\) ein beliebiger Diffeomorphismus sein kann. Dass die Bewegung unter den Zw\u00e4ngen \\(G=0\\) und \\(\\widehat G=0\\) nicht nur f\u00fcr spezielle Beispiele, sondern allgemein identisch sein k\u00f6nnen, erfordert noch den Beweis. Alle theoretischen Ergebnisse, die f\u00fcr den linearen Konfigurationsraum abgeleitet wurden, werden auf DAE's \u00fcber Manigfaltigkeiten erweitert. Dadurch wird eine Klarstellung der Zusammenh\u00e4nge zwischen der Formulierung der Bewegungsgleichungen als gew\u00f6hnliche Differentialgleichungen oder als differential-algebraische Gleichungen erzielt. Letztere Formulierung ist einer numerischen Behandlung leichter zug\u00e4nglich. Einige interessante und praktische Beispiele von starren zwei- und dreidimensionalen K\u00f6rpersystemen mit kinematischen Zwangsbedingungen werden besprochen, und die Verwendung von Computerprogrammen zur numerischen L\u00f6sung wird vorgestellt. (Vgl. \\textit{W. C. Rheinboldt} [Comput. Math Appl. 33, No. 3, 31-43 (1997; Zbl 0871.65066)]).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4941515$7790D6C9-68FC-4FDF-AC38-F93034276F9E","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Nonholonomic Motion of Rigid Mechanical Systems from a DAE Viewpoint","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Nonholonomic_Motion_of_Rigid_Mechanical_Systems_from_a_DAE_Viewpoint"}}}}}