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Philosophical Topics 17, 5-21 (1989), \\textit{G. Boolos} proposed the following abstraction principle \\[ \\text{ New V}: \\text{ Ext}(F) = \\text{Ext}(G) \\text{ iff} [(F \\text{ is bad} \\&\\;G \\text{ is bad}) \\lor \\forall x(Fx \\equiv Gx)], \\] where `\\(F\\) is bad' stands for `\\(F\\) is equinumerous with the universe'. Here, the underlying logic is second-order logic with unrestricted comprehension principle. `\\(\\text{Ext}(F)\\)' is read as `the extension of \\(F\\)'. New V is a modification of Frege's inconsistent axiom \\(\\text{Ext}(F) = \\text{Ext}(G) \\equiv \\forall x(Fx \\equiv Gx)\\). The notion of set is defined by: \\(\\text{Set}(x) \\equiv \\exists F(x = \\text{Ext}(F)\\;\\&\\;F \\text{ is not bad})\\) and the membership relationship is introduced by: \\(y \\in x \\equiv \\exists F(x = \\text{Ext}(F)\\;\\&\\;Fy)\\). The axioms of extensionality, separation, and replacement hold for the universe of sets, but not the axioms of unions and foundation. If we further restrict the universe to `pure sets' (that is, those sets \\(x\\) such that all members of \\(x\\), all members of members of \\(x\\), etc. are also sets), then we get the axioms of extensionality, pairing, separation, unions, foundation, choice, and replacement, but not infinity or power-set. The real numbers and mathematical analysis are not obtainable. From New V it follows that there is a well-ordering of the universe. Crispin Wright and Bob Hale have claimed that New V is an acceptable abstraction principle and that this justifies a neologicist position (namely, that mathematics, or a significant part of it, is analytic, or, in some sense, logically true). In general, the authors of this paper are doubtful about the use of New V to support neologicism. For one thing, the well-ordering of the universe seems to be a questionable logical principle. Moreover, they point out that there is a model of New V with domain equal to the denumerable set of hereditarily finite sets; so one cannot do real analysis on the basis of New V alone. The authors also investigate what happens when New V is added to an axiomatic set theory. The results are complex, but the general outcome is that New V considerably boosts the power of even moderately weak systems. Also, roughly speaking, the addition of New V to second-order Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory is equivalent to assuming the second-order sentence WO that asserts the existence of a well-ordering of the universe. The authors also look at possible models of New V in which the domain is a set. It is shown that there is no model of New V with domain whose size is a singular cardinal; moreover, it is consistent that there are no models of New V with uncountable domains. For domains whose size is a successor cardinal \\(\\kappa^+\\), New V holds if and only if \\(2^\\kappa = \\kappa^+\\). Various more involved results are also derived. The authors also mention other interpretations (some considered already by Wright) of the property `bad' in New V, but point out that none turn out to be interesting.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4946847$F1EFD6EA-4FD6-499E-9BCD-48A3C4A99A03","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"New V, ZF and Abstraction\u2020","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/New_V,_ZF_and_Abstraction%E2%80%A0"}}}}}