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survey tries to emphasize the role of surgery in knot and link theory. Other related topics are omitted. The authors present most of the seminal results from an historical perspective. These results restricted to the knot and link case are among the most significant early applications of surgery theory. (i) Codimension \\( > 2\\). These are mainly Haefliger's results. He studied the singular set of a smooth map and eliminated the singularity by handle manipulations and developed the technique of ambient surgery. Theorem (Haefliger): For a compact manifold \\(M\\), (1) any \\(q\\)-connected map \\(f: M^n \\to V^m\\) is homotopic to an embedding if \\(m \\geq 2n -q\\); for \\(f: S^n \\to V^m\\) if \\(2m \\geq 3(n+1)\\). (2) any two homotopic \\(q\\)-connected maps \\(f_1, f_2: M^n \\to V^m\\) are isotopic if \\(m > 2n -q\\); for \\(M^n = S^n\\) if \\(2m > 3(n+1)\\). (3) (1) and (2) are false for smooth embeddings when \\(M^n = S^n\\) and \\(2m = 3(n+1)\\). (4) The set of \\(\\Theta^{n,k}\\) of \\(h\\)-cobordism classes of embedded homotopy \\(n\\)-sphere in \\((n+k)\\)-space is an Abelian group under connected sum. Moreover, \\(\\Theta^{4k-1, 2k+1} \\cong Z\\) and \\(\\Theta^{4k+1, 2k+2} \\cong Z_2\\). (5) The group \\(C^{n,k}\\) of \\(h\\)-cobordism classes of embeddings of \\(S^n\\) in \\(S^{n+k}\\) is related to \\(\\Theta^{n,k}\\) by the following exact sequence \\[ \\dots{} \\to \\Theta^{n+1} \\to C^{n,k} \\to \\Theta^{n,k} \\to \\Theta^n \\to C^{n-1,k} \\to \\dots{} \\] where \\(\\Theta^n\\) is the group of \\(h\\)-cobordism classes of homotopy \\(n\\)-spheres. Zeeman in the PL-category and Stallings in \\(C^0\\)-category had shown that there were no nontrivial knots as long as \\(m-n > 2\\). Levine gave a general classification of embeddings in the metastable range by using the homotopy theory of the Thom space. Browder gave a classification of smooth simply connected embeddings in codimension \\( > 2\\) and introduced the notion of Poincar\u00e9 embedding. Habegger gave a more concise knot and link classification in codimension \\( > 2\\) by using the surgery sequence developed by Browder, Novikov, Sullivan and Wall. (ii) Codimension \\( = 2\\). Levine's result: (a) a \\(C^{\\infty}\\) or PL embedded homotopy \\(n\\)-sphere \\(K\\) is isotopic to the standard embedding \\(S^n \\subset S^{n+2}\\) if and only if the complement \\(S^{n+2} - K\\) is homotopy equivalent to the circle; (b) a classification of simple odd-dimensional knots (\\(n \\geq 3\\) by surgery technique, Farber gave a classification of simple even-dimensional knots). For knots of dimension \\( > 1\\), there could be at most two knots with the same complement by the work of Gluck, Browder, Lashof and Shaneson. By Farber's classification, stable even-dimensional knots are determined by their complements. There are knots which are not determined by their complement. For knots of dimension \\( =1\\), Gordon and Luecke showed that the knot complement in \\(S^3\\) determines the knot, and Rong constructed examples of knots in Seifert fibered spaces which are not determined by their complements. (iii) Homology surgery. Kervaire gave a criterion for groups to be the fundamental group of the complement of a knot of dimension \\( > 2\\), and a criterion for the lowest non-trivial homotopy group of the complement of a knot with \\(\\pi_1 = Z\\). By using plumbing to construct the knot complement with the desired group, the proof invoked the Poincar\u00e9 conjecture to recognize that a given manifold was a knot complement. This idea foreshadowed the homology surgery techniques developed by Cappell and Shaneson. Cappell and Shaneson studied the problem of classifying codimension two embeddings within a fixed \\(h\\)-Poincar\u00e9 embedding type. Their homology surgery techniques can be applied to the knot concordance group of the same dimension, the study of singularities of codimension two PL-embeddings, the link of a singularity (a knot to intersection homology), the existence of even dimensional spineless manifolds and the computation of the boundary concordance group of boundary links of dimension \\( > 1\\). (iv) Knot Slice. Conjecture: a knot is ribbon if and only if it is smoothly slice (in the topological category, a knot is slice if and only if it is homotopy ribbon). Freedman showed that a classical knot is slice with a slicing complement with fundamental group \\(Z\\) if and only if the Alexander module of the knot vanishes. But Donaldson's result provides counterexamples to the topological ribbon slice problem. The Casson-Gordon invariants give potential obstructions to this problem. Deeper invariants from homology surgery may possibly resolve the homotopy ribbon-slice problem. At the end of the survey, the authors list sixteen open problems which are very interesting and important. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0933.00057].","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4953607$2EBE6865-A9C0-4E37-AF21-5AD696435AE1","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:4953607","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:4953607"}}}}}