{"entities":{"Q496456":{"pageid":498223,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q496456","lastrevid":62347560,"modified":"2026-04-11T05:28:27Z","type":"item","id":"Q496456","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"A maximum principle for systems with variational structure and an application to standing waves"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6483974"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q496456$A97B6626-8061-4763-8C8D-187EB4A4ABFE","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"16d85e74e48f25f5be344a5a45580413d8848bdd","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"A maximum principle for systems with variational structure and an application to standing waves","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q496456$1DECE906-B669-4E14-8888-E83C517401FB","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"9e6de88a00e9524c3eebb40509e7bb864112a4f8","datavalue":{"value":"1331.35124","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q496456$087DAED4-472B-4839-83B0-2C7E7364F6E9","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"ab64b029a59dd64936ba69d2f2848fc312915600","datavalue":{"value":"10.4171/JEMS/538","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q496456$40453AD7-0761-4880-AB40-8F312E9BDC2E","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"b4a690be0668c109a2f622457dcf3157fef25c29","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":217769,"id":"Q217769"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q496456$41517AE6-8628-455F-AD2C-0770FE2B7412","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"4f828f0f3af7962e415b0d510a691172a926986a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":217771,"id":"Q217771"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q496456$E7D11A21-D839-4727-8ADD-451D9C157EA4","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"26780b1287f0091cd789fa2d15704011bf65df86","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":171275,"id":"Q171275"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q496456$78D9ED11-E83A-4CD1-A312-762187CCBAB5","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"ad46954dca2bdc82123b0f4eccf3a961f20f6907","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2015-09-21T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q496456$2072EF3B-E764-4669-9AF6-C359AA72CA72","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"c8dc00576defdc5f47a6e0553dcd3630452424b8","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1311.1022","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q496456$133C9EEA-8AFA-4106-9A3B-EBE53F1F75BD","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"4cc992b90d6d2973e92c357cc5b355898bd1692a","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(\\Omega\\) be an open connected domain in \\(\\mathbb{R}^n\\) of class \\(C^{2,\\alpha}\\), and let denote by \\((s,y)\\in \\mathbb{R}\\times \\mathbb{R}^{n-1}\\) the generic element of \\(\\Omega\\). Assume that \\(\\Omega \\cap (\\{0\\}\\times \\mathbb{R}^{n-1})\\) is connected and that there exist \\(L>0\\) and \\(R>0\\) such that \\((s\\pm L,y)\\in \\Omega\\) and \\(|y|\\leq R\\), for each \\((s,y)\\in \\Omega\\). Moreover, let \\(W:\\mathbb{R}^{m}\\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\\) be a \\(C^2\\) function satisfying the following conditions: {\\parindent=6mm \\begin{itemize} \\item[--] there exist \\(a_-,a_+\\in \\mathbb{R}^m\\), with \\(a_-\\neq a_+\\), such that \\(0=W(a_-)=W(a_+)0\\) such that the map \\(r\\in (0,r_0]\\rightarrow W(a+r\\nu)\\) has a strict positive first derivative, for each \\(a\\in \\{a_-,a_+\\}\\) and for each \\(\\nu\\) in the unit sphere of \\(\\mathbb{R}^{m-1}\\); \\item [--] there exists \\(M>0\\) such that \\(W(su)\\geq W(u)\\), for each \\(s\\in [1,+\\infty)\\) and \\(u\\in \\{v\\in \\mathbb{R}^m: |v|=M\\}\\). \\end{itemize}} \\noindent Under the following assumptions, the authors establish the existence of a classical solution \\(u:\\Omega \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}^m\\) to the problem \\[ \\begin{cases} \\Delta u_i = \\frac{\\partial W}{\\partial u_i}(u)&\\text{ in }\\Omega, \\quad i=1,\\dots,m,\\\\\\frac{\\partial u_i}{\\partial n} =0&\\text{ on }\\partial \\Omega, \\quad i=1,\\dots,m,\\\\ \\lim\\limits_{s\\rightarrow \\pm \\infty, (s,y)\\in \\Omega} u(s,y)=a_{\\pm}.\\end{cases} \\] \\noindent Moreover, the authors prove that if the quadratic form \\(\\langle D^2(W(a_+))z,z\\rangle\\) (resp. \\(\\langle D^2(W(a_-))z,z\\rangle\\)) is definite positive, then the solution \\(u\\) has an exponential decay to \\(a_+\\) (resp. \\(a_-\\)), that is there exist \\(k_0,K_0>0\\) such that \\(|u(s,y)-a_+|\\leq K_0e^{-k_0|s|}\\) (resp. \\(|u(s,y)-a_-|\\leq K_0e^{-k_0|s|}\\)). \\noindent The proof is based on variational methods. The authors first show that the associated energy functional, restricted to the set \\(X_N:=\\{u\\in W_{\\mathrm{loc}}^{1,2}(\\Omega;\\mathbb{R}^m): |u(s,y)-a_{\\pm}|\\leq r_0/2\\) for \\(s\\in \\mathbb{R}\\setminus (-NL,NL) \\}\\), \\noindent where \\(N\\geq 1\\), admits a global minimizer \\(u_N\\). Then, using a suitable Maximum Principle, which applies to such minimizers, the authors prove that, for \\(N\\) large enough, the constrains are not saturated, that is one has \\(|u(s,y)-a_{\\pm}|