{"entities":{"Q504544":{"pageid":506311,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q504544","lastrevid":62328852,"modified":"2026-04-11T05:20:40Z","type":"item","id":"Q504544","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"A bigroupoid's topology (or, topologising the homotopy bigroupoid of a space)"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6675380"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$D901E2E8-278B-4AB9-A8A5-465C0282A0C9","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"cad7ab79777f2f0ba1dfb59aec21f56a2e69cc13","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"A bigroupoid's topology (or, topologising the homotopy bigroupoid of a space)","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$5F1B76E0-5A3F-4E8C-8D5E-E89C12D10FF7","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"1b777b668532fb34860e4c97f909a39cc3ae9117","datavalue":{"value":"1373.18004","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$29C169CE-F49E-4D66-A2A8-966F663002CF","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"6c2afa1a8de6b04e02e4ed3da4d08d00484c21eb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":246327,"id":"Q246327"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$63E82665-273B-48CA-AB99-F37311477369","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"f547af18a2692ab85e737a33938e3d90c4bee546","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":260070,"id":"Q260070"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$10F76B1C-CE9A-4D2B-833B-691BDE2294F1","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"38356482003684779c085e15fb6eb3fbd5df685b","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2017-01-17T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$4F49EC52-2FD3-4432-A37F-C2FE7C16A2B5","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"20ec404650e63da65cd20419bb9c0faf0ba4e010","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1302.7019","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$2262DD6A-31FA-40C5-A733-6F7B9EF5C4A9","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"78d5ea571f6a2fd71c10bf1311b66509725c2309","datavalue":{"value":"The fundamental bigroupoid of a topological space \\(X\\) is, roughly speaking, the bicategory with objects points of \\(X\\), \\(1\\)-morphisms paths in \\(X\\), and \\(2\\)-morphisms homotopies (relative to endpoints) between paths; those homotopies are taken modulo homotopy.  The goal of the paper under review is to promote this construction to a \\textit{topological} bigroupoid, that is, give suitable topologies to the sets of objects, \\(1\\)-morphism, and \\(2\\)-morphisms. The first two are just the original topology of \\(X\\) and the compact-open topology on the path space. The biggest challenge is to define an appropriate topology on the set of homotopy classes of homotopies between paths, so that compositions and all other categorical operations are continuous. As a technical condition, it is required that \\(X\\) is semilocally \\(2\\)-connected, i.e., there exists a basis of neighborhoods \\(\\{ U \\}\\) which are simply-connected and \\(\\pi_2(U) \\to \\pi_2(X)\\) is the zero map.  Finally, it is shown that if \\(X\\) is locally relatively contractible, then its fundamental bigroupoid is locally trivial. This condition is closely related to the existence of a locally trivial \\(2\\)-bundle associated to the groupoid. In this sense, this result is a higher analogue of the fact that the universal cover of a semilocally simply connected space admits local trivializations.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$1872A718-5D11-430C-A15D-B740F111C4F0","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"995568639c731363b482190a251837e0156b12e1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":589564,"id":"Q589564"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$5FF11BAD-9344-4328-AAB6-4CF15D04CF8C","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"2996504042c76b51a6f0d045e744b890d73e8598","datavalue":{"value":"18D05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$19DB290F-C5EC-4D6A-86EA-8CEF8BB7C5E8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"9141009d477428257f40007fd16ae2d4f9932f0a","datavalue":{"value":"22A22","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$527D5D36-DC96-4292-9D91-904B15D954C6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3c43a3023df7ca1673f610da59eca083ba2ff49d","datavalue":{"value":"55Q05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$C37FE6E4-C2B9-4734-8813-E6F450AD302A","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"5c03d5870c7c0abb5ced271b8d22690bf8a4434b","datavalue":{"value":"6675380","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$288B80B0-3E53-4F1F-B554-D01BFF1C6704","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"aff46a35f0e69dd1f578b6b7b52b370978db1250","datavalue":{"value":"fundamental bigroupoid","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$225AFF12-E91A-45D9-85B2-5641C07C0FAB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1cbb44128ec3e6a52a42c60685aafea414bcaae5","datavalue":{"value":"homotopy 2-type","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$D4241C7D-6A90-4637-8E1E-70B889595DEF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d2b9f1d8777decfa854c3e7d4a201daf8ede00da","datavalue":{"value":"topological bigroupoid","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$9E9C9C58-25F1-47F8-A809-FBA234C69EC2","rank":"normal"}],"P1463":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"eecff7672d98ddd92e9f59bf72dece031571efe6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":35496,"id":"Q35496"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$9317A846-F1F7-4410-B7D6-55E6767871FE","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$5A1A407A-D710-49DE-8FCB-C34A0120F437","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"011d41fc12dc309aef8a4d17b94575ab558be57e","datavalue":{"value":"W3100495499","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$53A3424F-D3BE-46CB-A6EB-56343B118EBB","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5bec5c037e4db7062ae5adcebf4a0e0fdd741814","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2794664,"id":"Q2794664"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$B5AE0A07-E368-48E1-9002-B6D75754E83D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"02440399404883cec035c4ba4333b0b2f70b96a3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4596052,"id":"Q4596052"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$764FBFBC-9215-4576-A574-9C6CA7824982","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f196d9edf60abcb3742e51c9cb2660c23fad6a5b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2429546,"id":"Q2429546"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$2E77E735-6FAE-4253-A098-F6362E71EC8C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"612e554c1e5b50f840859ac28e3f2507006b7285","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5200638,"id":"Q5200638"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$59223A01-612D-4AF6-8335-CA859A136223","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ff70737b32e212bd229a56a1ae70332d61462c83","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4051309,"id":"Q4051309"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$B5700615-7C4D-4F5E-9EFD-95F437066F6E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1577681878c88a493f32d94aebc93d60fa923c2e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5605163,"id":"Q5605163"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$BAFE43D0-79DB-4C0E-9DD3-48F50765B066","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c71c4d78ec6642a08c87cc38f6d9640e89f8fc10","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1840727,"id":"Q1840727"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$83E4D5C4-4AD3-41CD-82B2-53737912DAC9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"48fdb1b3143a0cc7faad295f5f30fcadc5c75dc5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5939002,"id":"Q5939002"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$54AE072C-88DD-4E6B-A196-E27D2F0F757E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"173a157f95ce44496470651a21b767404fdc4b38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3159161,"id":"Q3159161"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$9A2CEAFB-6FE0-48D8-BE21-896C4F344297","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"96e4ad3825388879b2aa8e71ae55f5c6d1a09585","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":766649,"id":"Q766649"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$C38A3EC5-B52E-4FC2-991B-9C8E0ED9314E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"03c9881522477cd88b851fe76684685134c0d3a6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5963043,"id":"Q5963043"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$2176421C-AF1A-42EE-86D0-6A97423CEFAF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7b11b2763a895870e61373e3aafe7aa920c10da3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":847567,"id":"Q847567"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$35B45CCC-28A4-42E6-8999-3C7E8A4CAD0D","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"e0301405999030f7504937cf54d6c44603f7970b","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S40062-016-0160-0","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q504544$1289F723-D882-4D8B-A03F-1FB1FA1D33E9","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d5d48837e23f408ab4457417053f3b7301fc020e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5939002,"id":"Q5939002"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cd64d4f959bdb62b1df1ec0d7bb00d7bb93965cb","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7963504195213318","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q504544$C9652831-02BF-482D-82B7-4E19B0EC8CBA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4727e17825585e711f6eec0121210cb9f7916f33","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1840727,"id":"Q1840727"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a526b98998310c8c75a8081c2dbb9155e9758c8e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7963503003120422","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q504544$AA08285B-DBAC-4F1D-9F7F-767575C9FB1E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"46d7f36073394e4dde8826f2e0783fd271c3dd96","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5963043,"id":"Q5963043"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"646c61b4c92ae33e2024a4f5ace722522b9f94c7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7782363891601562","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q504544$0718563F-9142-4F66-B73A-88891D0636AA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"23ba5555dc4b1093e820e59e84b37db329eba50f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2230903,"id":"Q2230903"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"86101e291b97c046a4cc0d190fcaedb3357bbfaa","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7684720754623413","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q504544$4A0A829C-CAC1-4305-A453-43CF4984A34C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"203f0296ed9cdc05e75d37002c1bc9e0be08b5e6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5957780,"id":"Q5957780"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1303c975e628aa883fd5ae4491f04bd764140092","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7378218770027161","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q504544$3D97C779-D9E9-47C1-8670-AC7499D53162","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"A bigroupoid's topology (or, topologising the homotopy bigroupoid of a space)","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/A_bigroupoid%27s_topology_(or,_topologising_the_homotopy_bigroupoid_of_a_space)"}}}}}