{"entities":{"Q507308":{"pageid":509075,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q507308","lastrevid":62399274,"modified":"2026-04-11T05:49:12Z","type":"item","id":"Q507308","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"A sustainability condition for stochastic forest model"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6680525"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$047D1B40-DBBA-463D-AB4F-044FB9460D39","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"a7be43da2e0f2bfd3feecb20df2657d9e8414f18","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"A sustainability condition for stochastic forest model","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$23B2F01F-8D44-4CE3-8881-560E53A06AAA","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"0bbb27bfb5bd62d763461c03e0fb152c24122865","datavalue":{"value":"1410.37053","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$069F4F86-5360-4FC8-85CB-F627378A83B2","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"edd2cc2af85f67224c0dc9c1a42d6abf58618809","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":507307,"id":"Q507307"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$2D2A4716-374E-4C81-BC76-39555CAC0DA8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"e9156b1203e563730b8c73977ccbcd1951a432c4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":309133,"id":"Q309133"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$6C6DAB4C-2BE3-4B7F-A836-99734399F660","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"552b098d26b41d7c3c9242ada562f3345df1930f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":189870,"id":"Q189870"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$54A56BA4-EE37-4814-AC2E-A625CB9970F5","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"6a3f8f17435a829018640f913d4dfbf366219752","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":256253,"id":"Q256253"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$57EFB06B-9591-44AC-BB1D-26171A263792","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"f077fc2ce013ec6748bf1bf77b2e03417e1ed3a4","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2017-02-03T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$3AA36AD7-3D39-466D-ABDD-00BAA1287C7F","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"64c257266a1644e8e88cb88e3d17e471a022b13a","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.00527","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$B4AD148C-FF4C-4780-B970-A7D3BC9942D3","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"4631ceaeb95d00be0e801833a8548b3eadf12bc5","datavalue":{"value":"The authors study a stochastic forest model given by the two-dimensional stochastic differential system \\[ \\begin{split} du_t &= \\{ \\rho v_t - [a(v_t- b)^2 + c + f] u_t \\} dt \\\\ dv_t &= (f u_t - h v_t) dt+ \\sigma v_t dw_t. \\end{split} \\] Here $u$ and $v$ denote the tree densities of young and old age classes. The parameters $a,b,c,\\rho,f > 0$ are positive constants. The parameter $\\rho$ is the reproduction rate of old trees, the parameter $h$ is the mortality of old trees, and the parameter $f$ is the aging rate of young trees. Furthermore, the function $v \\mapsto a(v-b)^2 + c$ is the mortality of young trees, which may depend on the old-tree density. The process $\\{ w_t, t \\geq 0 \\}$ is a one-dimensional Brownian motion, and the constant $\\sigma > 0$ is the intensity of the white noise. \\par The authors prove existence and uniqueness of non-negative solutions for every starting point, and that these solutions are bounded. More precisely, let \\[ \\mathbb{R}_+^2 = \\{ (u,v) \\in \\mathbb{R}^2 : u > 0 \\text{ and } v > 0 \\}, \\] and denote by $\\overline{\\mathbb{R}_+^2}$ its closure in $\\mathbb{R}^2$. Then for each starting point $(u_0,v_0) \\in \\overline{\\mathbb{R}_+^2}$ there is a unique global $\\overline{\\mathbb{R}_+^2}$-valued solution starting in $(u_0,v_0)$, and if $u_0 + v_0 > 0$, then the solution is $\\mathbb{R}_+^2$-valued; see Theorem 2.2. In either case, the solution is bounded; see Theorem 2.3 for this result and further statements. \\par The authors also provide sufficient conditions in terms of the parameters for sustainability and for decline of the forest. More precisely, if \\[ h < \\frac{\\rho f}{ab^2 + c + f} \\quad \\text{and} \\quad \\sigma^2 < 2 \\bigg( \\frac{\\rho f}{a b^2 + c + f} - h \\bigg), \\] then the stochastic differential equation is sustainable, which means that \\[ \\limsup_{t \\to \\infty} \\mathbb{E} u_t > 0 \\quad \\text{and} \\quad \\limsup_{t \\to \\infty} \\mathbb{E} v_t > 0; \\] see Theorem 3.2. Furthermore, in this case there exists a Borel invariant measure; see Theorem 3.5 for details. Concerning decline of the forest, the authors provide in Theorem 4.1 sufficient conditions such that \\[ \\lim_{t \\to \\infty} \\mathbb{E} u_t = 0 \\quad \\text{and} \\quad \\lim_{t \\to \\infty} \\mathbb{E} v_t = 0, \\] and in Theorem 4.2 sufficient conditions such that almost surely \\[ \\lim_{t \\to \\infty} u_t = 0 \\quad \\text{and} \\quad \\lim_{t \\to \\infty} v_t = 0. \\] Some numerical examples conclude the paper.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$04767478-62FC-4FCE-ABEE-7C442F73175F","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"55f33e5c3fdd870ff83973b44881dc896efac25f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":271880,"id":"Q271880"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$198F2379-FCF4-4454-84A8-9330C1F037BA","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0355ee248c396ec672b81e9bd10eb94ee1620f81","datavalue":{"value":"37H10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$61BEFC52-73E5-4E46-BF6A-0A7887E7B5E7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"26e4779adfd26aa2f2229c31983026646fa1b009","datavalue":{"value":"37N25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$E7D36412-A027-48A0-ABBF-206AF8B697D3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"6121db49e3027360f1a6674c89379db1f456297a","datavalue":{"value":"47D07","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$A304176C-37C5-498E-9353-68A49DE2844B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"125e13f20221e5e5a764b28035aa08c4bcc2d16b","datavalue":{"value":"37A50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$F3424E3A-2AE7-411A-A058-BB5FEAE55A24","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b1355fbb4f7dce5b1a2a667a659d4b16ecef07e4","datavalue":{"value":"60H10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$2FD2FE3B-C449-4B36-A775-98F61F3A9EDD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"772afcc76afc6ed455612e61ae15c7b17b2b953a","datavalue":{"value":"60H30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$FEB93DE5-FFB9-4776-9024-57FE93E97401","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"169555b6a8e7d4e2856ec0749abdcf633df5cd8d","datavalue":{"value":"6680525","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$415A6B20-3D78-4D06-94BF-60600D748707","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ecaa0d5a8d4605b994599f16d3f0982882a36d22","datavalue":{"value":"forest model","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$DD70A235-527E-4F57-898E-5BDCF8EBF6B7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3e8552f8af764b75809579f608c3b81441dcf68b","datavalue":{"value":"sustainability","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$B2E64550-DCA8-42A4-B43F-2AB4FD355D1E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"08c8d5eb80436dc75c50fd8573f2beb6af1167c5","datavalue":{"value":"stochastic differential equation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$22EA78C8-1151-4E53-B5E8-24B2012367EE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d3982d8953519793fd0c504f10b659a42d3cb9a8","datavalue":{"value":"Markov process","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$5C40AA3D-CCC3-4724-956B-533B698E77C9","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$3AD5A7F1-F176-4759-8259-33626C7A50D5","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"69faaa8a9ab79f27ec10253fb725fae134aba477","datavalue":{"value":"W2962709450","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$D94D9A1E-F65C-4D97-99EB-2F574A6534C4","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d247060fe5cbe8d0283d3cd616f76fe72394d792","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3424397,"id":"Q3424397"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$FA162FDE-8BAD-4E6A-93DB-45942D6CDE1F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f343353d21b93bd98d6cb5393b04e6dbb7f7a976","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3521900,"id":"Q3521900"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$3934E337-27A9-4E34-9359-DD5BC399DDB0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0ab7ffa9d24ab6be231ada79a903b12d198f9fd7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5302625,"id":"Q5302625"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$F9877C74-7A34-451E-9240-F1A930497F08","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a629c20ecada97f1db6592bc1c436f26da6b0598","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5673957,"id":"Q5673957"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$9706FD13-4BCD-469F-B98A-A1721EFBFB27","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c3aa1ef185d1bc57e845ae9d704304aeca39ab2e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4086525,"id":"Q4086525"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$08A7424C-DC28-410B-82EB-78AB9E618C41","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9566984968bb3653fbb14e3c7e6539be31571551","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3959169,"id":"Q3959169"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$7D0D1E3C-34A5-4BBA-99D9-AC95A1B051DE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e4c698a06fc317a9736df1665fc1ebc605865cc9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4002114,"id":"Q4002114"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$CEFE0222-4E36-4AAE-8F6D-E239097394ED","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"73d3767cf8d76c47926ad14c0f4a8c30c5540789","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1313407,"id":"Q1313407"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$92FA1697-E3EE-410B-BEE8-616A883DC472","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a4d6c1b137823fd52fadcb8ccb61d89a47416818","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1320347,"id":"Q1320347"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$C61FA9CC-A92F-48C2-A369-51A04009F288","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9549584846f31838389def2ef6b04ad985912552","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2547087,"id":"Q2547087"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$44A5BA99-E918-41F9-81DB-8A86C6EE0D78","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"15ce1d47ef2748b9554f2174691cd5c5968ea2c1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3173109,"id":"Q3173109"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$8AC60CA8-D59B-44B5-8E2C-826C8B82F47C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a3927f66e7a92cdc950ce3bb5750236a50f6ee07","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3506049,"id":"Q3506049"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$FD6B588F-D7F6-4760-9845-383CDF4763BE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"14c55ce57e27b26381f7f69576321bea4c8869d7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2874131,"id":"Q2874131"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$724E97EE-4598-4E8A-8884-BABAF1731483","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"de30da9f4d41d72910981688b814ce13c53d5ddd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3655792,"id":"Q3655792"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$417B000D-9903-4A60-B161-09A30A693D98","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"7d62f141ede5a4c36ca24e89deba9e57b67b0eba","datavalue":{"value":"10.3934/CPAA.2017034","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q507308$5BF4677F-1E7B-4DE8-8231-E86A22653501","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0b305edbdcb952019d1a166fd929786d08100a4a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4902110,"id":"Q4902110"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e878f5e8c288e6817dfc7a8eab44c4d3beafec6b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7394164204597473","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q507308$C7A3AB32-A250-4468-8D53-6D88773370A3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a522d4d4af9c92ccd2154169435d2c4ded67e550","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":289536,"id":"Q289536"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4c59bad78b02dc0d96a7f66412b865682d389ede","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7318958044052124","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q507308$D4EEBDD9-48B1-47F2-86AC-286A833605C3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1df6f082102fd8e96ec4ddb5a61c0a4451a6844e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3533269,"id":"Q3533269"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3bb2f4d690b92e042dc4ac5b848cf5b9c7f8db9a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7293448448181152","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q507308$7E3E7AD7-38A4-4BBE-A8A0-250C9F10189E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"219ba8b0093de721e591a1ec7685fa3db22cda2a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1817987,"id":"Q1817987"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"259deb3c37cdfa3775b5ebb533f6bea5e7dec295","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.726502537727356","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q507308$C4759D6E-2958-46D0-BE53-CAF212158E3B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6c96ec65a4cb460709557dd0bf46c9e68c0fe829","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4458264,"id":"Q4458264"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2d2463fb6650476ac5e7cce5df07d237b819425e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7245803475379944","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q507308$B6A61C15-713A-4804-A881-9DAA3CB7149E","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"A sustainability condition for stochastic forest model","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/A_sustainability_condition_for_stochastic_forest_model"}}}}}