{"entities":{"Q536454":{"pageid":538221,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q536454","lastrevid":62572704,"modified":"2026-04-11T07:00:17Z","type":"item","id":"Q536454","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"On approximation of integrated semigroups"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5896851"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$8810D461-6369-4EB6-9131-5ADB18146FB1","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"98e71c4ff6ead3440c78d1e44d33321de4bbd6f2","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"On approximation of integrated semigroups","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$2F1B2826-C68D-4DD3-B82B-FDEEA661CB24","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"43566bd6e6119f2d5ed7bd3ce41dd4790fc60013","datavalue":{"value":"1221.65138","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$2BB196C0-9A72-458C-9CCE-6711F3573A24","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"9fcdb95dc8bbc4245f790e4789cc5ec43d2a9b87","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":165734,"id":"Q165734"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$D6ED96C9-5F77-4172-9E69-4601F2EAF38F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"0722b50a2542a7f9868900f7fd9ce6bdc84a0e9f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1428958,"id":"Q1428958"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$E82856DA-87B1-4BA6-9E7B-650E66D31E5F","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"fc770cd89d4fae0e8d7b267c7a43d9a33ef28782","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168175,"id":"Q168175"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$63A73289-0617-4E9B-874D-9F683E366D4C","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"582ddc080e0097b96146009353001f8291010262","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2011-05-18T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$4C103F7D-A10A-4E13-813D-72B1B01EA219","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"814c09247847bb0ae272fd283da0ca3cfe721451","datavalue":{"value":"The article deals with approximations of integrated semigroups in space and in time variables. More precisely, the authors deal with a Banach space \\(E\\), the family of Banach spaces \\(E_n\\), and a sequence of linear bounded operators \\(p_n \\in L(E,E_n)\\) with the property \\(\\|p_nx\\|_{E_n} \\to \\|x\\|_E\\) for any \\(x \\in E\\). This abstract approximation scheme covers finite element methods, finite difference schemes and the projection method. For the approximations of semigroups in space, a closed densely defined operator in \\(E\\) and closed operators \\(A_n\\) in \\(E_n\\) are considered; it is assumed that these operators generate integrated semigroups \\(e^{tA}\\) and \\(e^{tA_n}\\), \\(n = 1,2,\\dots\\). For \\(B \\in L(E)\\), \\(B_n \\in L(E_n)\\), \\(n = 1,2,\\dots\\), the symbol \\(B_n @>{{\\mathcal P}{\\mathcal P}}>> B\\) means that the relation \\(\\|x_n - p_nx\\|_{E_n} \\to 0\\) implies the relation \\(\\|B_nx_n - p_nBx\\|_{E_n} \\to 0\\), \\(x_n \\in E_n\\), \\(n = 1,2,\\dots\\), \\(x \\in E\\).   The authors study, under different assumptions about semigroups \\(e^{tA}\\) and \\(e^{tA_n}\\), \\(n = 1,2,\\dots\\), the equivalence or implications between any two of the following properties:  {\\parindent=7mm \\begin{itemize}\\item[(A)]there exists \\(\\lambda \\in \\rho(A) \\cap (\\cap_n \\rho(A_n))\\) such that \\((\\lambda I_n - A_n)^{-1} @>{{\\mathcal P}{\\mathcal P}}>> (\\lambda I - a)^{-1}\\),  \\item[(B)]there are some constant \\(M \\geq 1\\) and \\(\\omega_1\\) such that \\(\\|e^{tA_n}\\|_{L(E_n)} \\leq M \\exp \\, (\\omega_1t)\\) for \\(t \\geq 0\\) and any \\(n \\in {\\mathbb N}\\), and the property  \\item[(C)]for some \\(\\omega > 0\\) the relation \\(e^{t(A_n - \\omega I_n)} @>{{\\mathcal P}{\\mathcal P}}>> e^{t(A - \\omega I)}\\) holds uniformly with respect to \\(t \\in [0,\\infty)\\).  \\end{itemize}}  Similar constructions are considered in the approximations of semigroups in time with the change of operators \\(A_n\\), \\(n = 1,2,\\dots\\) with operators \\(\\breve{A}_n = (T_n - I)/\\tau_n\\), \\(n = 1,2,\\dots\\), and semigroups \\(e^{tA_n}\\), \\(n = 1,2,\\dots\\) with operators \\(\\int\\limits_0^t T_n^{[s/\\tau_n]} \\, ds\\), \\(n = 1,2,\\dots\\). As partial cases three following cases are considered: \\(T_n = (I_n - \\tau_nA_n)^{-1}\\) (implicit scheme), \\(T_n = I + \\tau_nA_n\\) (explicit scheme), and \\(T_n = (I_n + \\tau_n/2 A_n)(I_n - \\tau_n/2 A_n)^{-1}\\) (Crank-Nicolson scheme).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$424C1C13-821B-447D-84B2-AA6DBB3F928F","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"6959830f46eaef0ca01733a66839fea3cef68a57","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":589955,"id":"Q589955"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$CF157CA1-0923-49FB-BBD2-741C2B413DCA","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"80d721710e9ac6b7fbfd63980df282039a257444","datavalue":{"value":"65J20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$13552A5E-288C-45E2-A1EE-A61435AE37D1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ce5de759d72115c272099fac8ad1899bb78f2f1e","datavalue":{"value":"47D06","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$5A123D58-5569-42F3-8FE3-E8887B4B7355","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"d03906af9401d3cb0de9aae29b67fdc33cb30d53","datavalue":{"value":"65M06","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$3340BFB6-D5D2-4D38-9695-4C14CED941F7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4edc28ee985104f560d8b3862cb51423518e168d","datavalue":{"value":"65M38","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$8920066C-19F1-4919-BAC2-5ED98B3964DC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"f78d451517722c27fcbbb1fcc9f0c87bda7fdfd5","datavalue":{"value":"65M60","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$192A466D-EE17-4660-B1DD-A2B789B7128C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b3b15e6d94c737325f7f45da231b80cdfb80c973","datavalue":{"value":"65N06","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$E8FEBA82-EDBB-43CE-BE4D-F177D8C4C082","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0493e66c36e2772f355d1d5e05f0013b3d870be0","datavalue":{"value":"65N30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$464D2FEE-A6B8-4A00-BE3A-0B5FDE0AC194","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"bfbd8e0c50535576eceabc6948f1546a44716b99","datavalue":{"value":"5896851","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$54B33149-8C48-4AFD-BDF5-028961111DAC","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ef9ed61f365e75a758b523fb10f6394205d94243","datavalue":{"value":"semigroups of operators","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$4B5F138E-9DC7-406D-A061-75E2BC1AB159","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9ba68b855cdb1ed194b54b79eff02a1c998b2763","datavalue":{"value":"integrated semigroups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$3692DD89-E327-4F5F-BDFC-90A22224950B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3658bcd8960ad7ab339b858556667653e82ef508","datavalue":{"value":"finite difference methods","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$E022054F-6F7A-496F-85E0-723F504F864E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5fe204eda98a49d3311b7ba2d69414d4a971c854","datavalue":{"value":"boundary elements methods","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$B8F205C4-48E4-4A69-AB9D-D78F7965A50C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6004c397a959e62e24c4831af6272fa9dad8a6c5","datavalue":{"value":"finite elements methods","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$D929DBA5-A094-4A59-BA31-5751A06BED8D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8299321d2b4387e6993cee146066d6d519b3e051","datavalue":{"value":"Galerkin and projection methods","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$8D34C7E4-C6BB-4A41-95BA-47ACB1FE0A8D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"79868fa7d2ed2a6553b37c589c14ecdcfeb2d4ec","datavalue":{"value":"Banach space","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$DC4642AA-2B7D-4FCF-9B0C-497B134A63EF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"467ae5153ce980fd782c7fa2c4b7fa4832a63c49","datavalue":{"value":"linear bounded operators","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$DFD3AA2D-323A-43E7-B1D6-676E9F84F6ED","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a9a6ec3281e59283c1128e7d558e84fcaf2fef83","datavalue":{"value":"Crank-Nicolson scheme","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$B141F96F-94B9-4D68-B564-06A01F9D839D","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$EFC4BE3B-3C88-49D0-A545-F04DE61DB1A6","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"1e3e19246b1129367e63dadc7c2103dff3545d81","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.11650/twjm/1500406067","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$1797B782-08E6-44D8-B38E-1B356B124AD8","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"e7919340a82d8c6be197282017adff7dbe753dc3","datavalue":{"value":"W2048715137","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$44DAECDD-AA46-4AF3-90B4-9558610821B5","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"d3db973a3da9df8ea4451cd72700b848a4480ebd","datavalue":{"value":"10.11650/TWJM/1500406067","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q536454$D8D68950-C875-45B5-9C31-F46CE87D5ACF","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3df5078e8b1f429d6d0e5021093dcb80bc0b6403","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3711195,"id":"Q3711195"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f74f5fe2644afe889b383edab4bf2845dda63d7c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8275206089019775","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q536454$8F919F24-0321-45C1-BDF5-090CF420BCA5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cffb4e7990c84dddeec201818e8e72fd535c3d86","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1095603,"id":"Q1095603"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4296f33f2689d7b5bca42782189b3e6d73ee10ab","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8236695528030396","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q536454$9EC4D4C2-64AE-478A-BC91-043ECAA9BD8E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f568d29b7c2ee694161bb1422ab3550759896c88","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1801562,"id":"Q1801562"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"af8523693c9d4a93564a5c888a1e3f6ee7135aff","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.815973162651062","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q536454$84EE91A6-0EB1-482A-BBC3-FC92EFCD2036","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0d7ba3a1b79a08b743f37479f255c20182b439e6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2874460,"id":"Q2874460"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f3ff83d43574a0cf4abd2efcad1e536f836ab869","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8157345056533813","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q536454$FDD6C57B-FE23-4084-BE0C-62F3555407F5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"789446e827ee4ed781e6b16ffcbd1b43f08b2da4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1764349,"id":"Q1764349"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2fd55b0c3f1c829de091102a7a8c58bf3f013a76","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8128429055213928","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q536454$128DDAD9-1505-4E8E-8926-EC9F8F7C78E6","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"On approximation of integrated semigroups","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/On_approximation_of_integrated_semigroups"}}}}}