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Given a map \\(M\\) (an embedding of a graph in a closed surface) with vertex set \\(V\\) and without loops or multiples edges, let \\(D(M)= D(\\Aut(M), V)\\), where \\(\\Aut(M)\\) is the automorphism group of \\(M\\); if \\(M\\) is orientable, define \\(D^+(M)\\) similarly, using only orientation-preserving automorphisms. It is immediate that \\(D(M)\\leq 4\\) and \\(D^+(M)\\leq 3\\). We use Russell and Sundaram's motion lemma to show that there are only finitely many maps \\(M\\) with \\(D(M)> 2\\). We show that if a group \\(A\\) of automorphisms of a graph \\(G\\) fixes no edges, then \\(D(A,V)= 2\\), with five exceptions. That result is used to find the four maps with \\(D^+(M)= 3\\). We also consider the distinguishing chromatic number \\(\\chi_D(M)\\), where adjacent vertices get different colors. We show \\(\\chi_D(M)\\leq\\chi(M)+ 3\\) with equality in only finitely many cases, where \\(\\chi(M)\\) is the chromatic number of the graph underlying \\(M\\). We also show that \\(\\chi_D(M)\\leq 6\\) for planar maps, answering a question of Collins and Trenk. Finally, we discuss the implications for general group actions and give numerous problems for further 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