{"entities":{"Q547803":{"pageid":549570,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q547803","lastrevid":62659773,"modified":"2026-04-11T07:35:29Z","type":"item","id":"Q547803","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"In praise of an elementary identity of Euler"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5913197"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$1A5F5563-DD19-4F81-AA46-4A743005015F","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"f6db22e55aac4fa875b92c59ccfa7f4695e7edd5","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"In praise of an elementary identity of Euler","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$EA13B718-0273-4E9F-B36A-DA57F381714B","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"e7a26775eda8f0043dd97a3426e2197e34856d13","datavalue":{"value":"1230.33010","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$B5267241-7AFB-4875-B2F7-001660430840","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"7560b1a0c091046421e95e9fbc6e4aac87e303a5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":547802,"id":"Q547802"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$59FF9EF2-9538-4B8E-B6D6-19059E752C3B","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"ebc7441ecfd9ecfa38d48ddc4b2adb39ac7d7000","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":161296,"id":"Q161296"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$F680DA9C-66E8-4B85-A830-A568019ABF25","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"f112f61a1bf8951421a1669c4dcd263b162b3092","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2011-06-24T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$629D7697-5E1E-48C7-A4CE-B0C7B8CC95A0","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"50b35a46b4b9b09c6651e8aa246071ef4604fc9e","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1102.0659","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$3F9E1B6C-D03E-4C6E-9B19-AE4C19869314","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"7c6e4f5747668ae594c20ce1f47b03db18c360df","datavalue":{"value":"https://eudml.org/doc/231483","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$79A80D6E-379F-4879-9BDF-A2BAEAAB8A51","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"99a99208a2c21a89671aef83a8e909d31df3bfac","datavalue":{"value":"http://www.emis.de/journals/EJC/Volume_18/Abstracts/v18i2p13.html","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$1AAAE8C8-C0D0-4CBD-B608-31C9FEEFD64D","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"dbeeed1c6c0b192ac3a27cea06089d12a3c42ec8","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(u_k, v_k \\) and \\(w_k \\) be three sequences, such that \\(u_k - v_k = w_k. \\) Then we have:  \\[ \\sum_{k=0}^{n} \\frac{w_k}{w_0} \\frac{u_0 u_1 \\cdots u_{k-1}}{v_1 v_2 \\cdots v_k} = \\frac{u_0}{w_0} \\left( \\frac{u_1 u_2 \\cdots u_n}{v_1 v_2 \\cdots v_n} - \\frac{v_0}{u_0} \\right),  \\]  provided none of the denominators in the expression above are zero. This theorem is called Euler's Telescoping Lemma.  In this survey paper, the author used Euler's Telescoping Lemma to give alternate proofs of almost all the key summation theorems for terminating hypergeometric series and basic hypergeometric series, including the terminating binomial theorem, the Chu-Vandermonde sum, the Pfaff-Saalsch\u00fctz sum, and their analogues. He also gave a proof of Jackson's \\(q\\)-analogue of Dougall's sum, the sum of a terminating, balanced, very-well-poised \\(_8 \\phi_7 \\) sum. The WZ method can be used to prove most of the identities provided in this article but the author provided proofs with no help from a computer. From the connection between Euler's Telescoping Lemma and three term recurrence relations, the author also proved several identities for \\(q\\)-analogues of Fibonacci numbers and polynomials and Pell numbers that have appeared in combinatorial contexts. Some results seem to be new.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$4AD56048-0580-4964-8688-82F745A84BDB","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"fc4a3925f43f21aa49cfaaf17d4d07da35e4388e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":342945,"id":"Q342945"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$678E6AB2-9FAE-449C-AD99-8444BB1705C0","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"67f82d05d536127c774077d55aec4ca53f83fd2a","datavalue":{"value":"33D15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$8362DB7D-5D6B-481C-B479-86F8EF6A633A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ccc5a5c9dd2865ab4417f7cabfcec0ef477e1206","datavalue":{"value":"11B39","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$47873688-88BD-4750-B583-94328D5D8225","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0c618f816e6308977cf393dfcfa211f201052855","datavalue":{"value":"33C20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$3C1F3FD1-3551-455E-AE5E-75AE4178DDCE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"42de9321ec9bffe9bd1dcf8c8689a504914f3754","datavalue":{"value":"33F10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$74494AF1-D64E-4F6C-9A3E-2FCDD1A8E29F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0caeb99777f690f67089a5c3c74c1f142508f596","datavalue":{"value":"33D65","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$E3B2168C-278C-4BF6-8F4F-D36A30BED2DA","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"b839c95141fa2821ca776c10d70b2ca17d56c865","datavalue":{"value":"5913197","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$59A2A13D-7173-4953-9CAD-9B575836EB9F","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"cff3c4877719dfac8c67a567456448e796da5e14","datavalue":{"value":"telescoping","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$ECDA1706-1606-477B-B0B8-49A39BE1C86D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f919daf07d32d8cf0a19b0a8f56c9fda2fe44dcf","datavalue":{"value":"Fibonacci numbers","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$FC8201AA-4EDE-4BC9-88E0-957DD09298A1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"339408db521953cde4ffb72b51306acf6ed66d64","datavalue":{"value":"Pell numbers","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$FB0C4B2D-1F87-485C-9F23-A2E33633692B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e246d1f963673ccdb22bd60fbe319ddfe91d7314","datavalue":{"value":"derangements","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$DFB1F148-9C76-432A-86EB-55962E78BAFC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"001a4bfab4cc1e147ed731e59dda9af07a97c548","datavalue":{"value":"hypergeometric series","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$0BFF016B-C0A8-4066-8FD5-92C695058B59","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3c7bcb069138f8925b6b2c70595cc13d452275b5","datavalue":{"value":"Fibonacci polynomials","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$FDED3985-E3B3-45D6-B4D7-A3683FD66505","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f53234c4f2b3a1da071eda438798672b6fc35d3c","datavalue":{"value":"\\(q\\)-Fibonacci numbers","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$A6C0B6C6-4BE9-408C-8FEC-FFA0498152F7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e49772190df46460725dd20832ac53c70e8475ba","datavalue":{"value":"\\(q\\)-Pell numbers","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$54315C77-0CA6-4A8E-A539-43EC713D6B7D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b8356ec84f6af6bc74e56bdecf3d082976a0ee1f","datavalue":{"value":"basic hypergeometric series","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$875626DC-FAF7-4D5F-9451-5DC7CAEC61F6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b4d8e640dab0be172c202cf8c4d87dc837689f5a","datavalue":{"value":"binomial theorem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$68CC0D7B-6E3B-49E7-A3A0-990451D92188","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"82577768eab0281138963e98ad5e4b3a0be973be","datavalue":{"value":"\\(q\\)-binomial theorem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$B87FE1C9-6F8D-44BE-B639-CDFE9DBEA89C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d6530d5607a74feca1e55d58a9d6106152496acc","datavalue":{"value":"Chu-Vandermonde sum","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$1754CA64-81DE-4599-96B9-E584AF78038E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a456422f5b9fa06dc9a5f781731a01bf89329592","datavalue":{"value":"\\(q\\)-Chu-Vandermonde sum","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$85C2C5DF-E5A4-49B4-8296-76715D98D418","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3601f73e7819c73e36e2abb8552e808e6b8744b9","datavalue":{"value":"Pfaff-Saalsch\u00fctz sum","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$148B045D-BFB9-41CA-A06E-77E012AF2938","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"cb07ac8c1d30c577ec5dfc404d94caed1f90dad4","datavalue":{"value":"\\(q\\)-Pfaff-Saalsch\u00fctz sum","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$C4019060-2154-46E5-9906-1F95720D857F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2226051c75e4adafe40ef61cd633260937ae678f","datavalue":{"value":"\\(q\\)-Dougall summation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$6288FF68-27D7-4F01-B203-D71EA196C5BB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d8a6c8bbfd9f86d119ac07319df5d862e7ef8b55","datavalue":{"value":"very-well-poised \\( _6 \\phi _5 \\) sum","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$69CCFA90-0F4A-466C-BC8C-1147C2B1B5B8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"581dd19b150e4b102fee24781a012bee5c4e0a54","datavalue":{"value":"generalized hypergeometric series","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$C5D04549-5DAC-456F-8D19-702F991EDE28","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"dc5c4aa8d75caea86589e893539b86480983849e","datavalue":{"value":"WZ method","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$21C0DB10-5D25-48FC-B614-67BC4FFA86D1","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$82630A7A-C35A-411C-B78C-FC493EA9FB00","rank":"normal"}],"P1633":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1633","hash":"21ad6b82d7801c8828e882f4339e2ea871b1577c","datavalue":{"value":"bafkreifutmbhoz4u23s7zu4rhg2tpizrqzsrcaufsnuerzsifzraz5o4iu","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q547803$D480663C-829F-4049-B051-2BCF5D00A367","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b1707320bea9b06b40b3076ccc8e219a95fe4450","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2643102,"id":"Q2643102"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"314002d8a3f8416c2de7d7e82536d248296ac311","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7464256882667542","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q547803$B2E353E2-8154-41EA-ADF1-3723BC3BD8C1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"dbf58a5f51ff9265d39d59044e80fa44e613584f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5138949,"id":"Q5138949"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"639fd0ed18b1786dfbf82e0238591d246dd04d24","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.743349552154541","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q547803$105B6F79-7B12-4925-87A4-9061D5981ACC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"90f1c3c4a5a7ab1f22c6c7f02de2af6d78d2aa91","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1014749,"id":"Q1014749"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"054e58181d3a693920bcff2f77b09274ad53f475","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7400617003440857","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q547803$668DF169-13F9-4A96-80BE-71711E70E08C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"163edd06de089217b19e04bf0e127e6ae98f5a4b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":860573,"id":"Q860573"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"322bcdf76052c1528492b5839902f38d5c5ed0ff","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7382583022117615","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q547803$7AE97769-F02E-487B-89CD-230B28A66D54","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0f3e62268f2aeb45d9f5661e838c436faf8e2567","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2467345,"id":"Q2467345"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"45d01c7c35c87f194d7526bf27be8c28d2a9a65f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7379594445228577","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q547803$F312668A-FDAD-4FEB-A8AC-57119853BDA2","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"In praise of an elementary identity of Euler","badges":[]}}}}}