{"entities":{"Q559380":{"pageid":561147,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q559380","lastrevid":42580736,"modified":"2025-07-04T08:53:49Z","type":"item","id":"Q559380","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"A set of topological invariants for graphs."}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2546992"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q559380$0D3AA7F8-DEFB-4938-A5BD-5AD42285EE70","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"9eb3be1d45f6fbe71ffd28a3a72e8808f026d50c","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"A set of topological invariants for graphs.","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q559380$98473E0F-3FD1-42D4-80B7-A45D93FCC69C","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"4c9a8be1d1d4cff74aec198502b893e0d2bb79a7","datavalue":{"value":"59.1235.02","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q559380$0943D3E9-EFFF-46F9-B2D3-13E05C0E62DF","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"17cbfb695a0527b5dd7265bb3331529f1a38892c","datavalue":{"value":"10.2307/2371125","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q559380$D07650CC-AF84-4EED-970D-2DA73FCD06E1","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"1add02162fef49a66552187e850c2369475498a6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":559377,"id":"Q559377"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q559380$D7A04140-315F-4D85-B17E-4F35CAB70C21","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"5229eeedf2f969cf3cb5fc8ccac583c702705ed8","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1933-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q559380$459EAC34-9903-45A7-A080-B6B1987A9E2B","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"a81b466a418862054837ffff83238c539b969e43","datavalue":{"value":"In der Ableitung der \\textit{Birkhoff}schen Formel f\u00fcr die Anzahl \\(M(\\lambda )\\) der F\u00e4rbungen eines Graphen \\(G\\) mit \\(\\lambda \\) Farben, bei denen benachbarte Knotenpunkte verschieden gef\u00e4rbt sind, treten nach Verf. (A logical expansion in mathematics, Bulletin A. M. S. 38 (1932), 572-579; F. d. M. 58) als Koeffizienten der Potenzen von \\(\\lambda \\) in \\(M(\\lambda )\\) Zahlen  \\[  m_i=\\sum \\limits _j(-1)^{i+j}m_{ij} \\]  auf, mit folgender Bedeutung: \\(m_{ij}\\) ist die Anzahl des Teilgraphen von \\(G\\) vom Range \\(i\\) und der Nullit\u00e4t \\(j, m_i\\) die Anzahl der Teilgraphen, die keinen unvollst\u00e4ndigen Kreis ganz enthalten (vgl. hierzu das Referat \u00fcber die oben angegebene Arbeit). Hier betrachtet Verf. \u00e4hnliche Bildungen, n\u00e4mlich  \\[  p_i=\\sum \\limits _j(-1)^{i+j}m_{R-j,N-i} \\]  (\\(R\\)=Rang, \\(N\\)=Nullit\u00e4t von \\(G\\)). Besitzt \\(G\\) einen dualen Graphen \\(G'\\) (vgl. Verf., Non-separable and planar graphs, Transactions A. M. S. 34 (1932), 339-362; F. d. M. 58), so ist \\(p_i=m_i'\\), wo \\(m_i'\\) f\u00fcr \\(G'\\) dieselbe Bedeutung hat wie \\(m_i\\) f\u00fcr \\(G\\). In diesem Fall erkennt man unmittelbar die topologische Invarianz der \\(p_i\\) daraus, da\u00df\\ bei Unterteilung von \\(G\\) in \\(G'\\) nur schon vorhandene Kanten verdoppelt werden, die Anzahl der zul\u00e4ssigen F\u00e4rbungen von \\(G'\\) (f\u00fcr jedes \\(\\lambda \\)) also unge\u00e4ndert bleibt. Doch kann man die Invarianz der \\(p_i\\) leicht auch direkt, und ohne die Voraussetzung der Existenz des dualen Graphen, beweisen. Die \\(p_i\\) lassen eine - zur Deutung der \\(m_i\\) duale - Deutung zu: Nennt man eine Menge von Kanten von \\(G\\) eine trennende Kantenmenge (cut set of arcs), wenn bei Herausnahme dieser Kantenmenge - aber keiner echten Teilmenge davon - die Anzahl der zusammenh\u00e4ngenden Bestandteile von \\(G\\) sich vergr\u00f6\u00dfert, bildet man ferner durch Weglassen je einer Kante, mit bestimmten Anordnungsvorschriften, die unvollst\u00e4ndigen trennenden Kantenmengen (broken cut sets of arcs), so ist \\((-1)^ip_i\\) die Anzahl der Teilgraphen von \\(G\\), die keine unvollst\u00e4ndige trennende Kantenmenge ganz enthalten.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q559380$45274BA0-505F-4E6F-BBF8-DD414FC382C2","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"144a6eebf639ea543bd03fa2e7064384b1e7bf2e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":593326,"id":"Q593326"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q559380$497666E8-D614-48F4-BDE7-0B0025C492D5","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"5f1f29be13110e71b31fea89e02b41a4c3082421","datavalue":{"value":"2546992","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q559380$D5AF4FFA-8E5B-4A6C-90CC-1A9E0D4C3B3C","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q559380$9B7F0CA4-3DA1-4E50-9228-B6EDD32A7166","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"cd5c08cd070809e303f83b91f0784560384bfe92","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2371125","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q559380$196E96C2-D7CE-4E8F-859F-BC3DB74FDA3E","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"ce9a875ff33c217010f169c6b54a7e06677380f4","datavalue":{"value":"W4246787559","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q559380$4F09FB4B-5454-4055-B3A8-1369B5F8400B","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d31ddd2a071b5cbac90da3e8f29d3f22b0ba0eba","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6480746,"id":"Q6480746"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q559380$8598A98C-CD06-4259-951E-5422676C628B","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:559380","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:559380"}}}}}