{"entities":{"Q576566":{"pageid":578333,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q576566","lastrevid":62928672,"modified":"2026-04-11T09:02:47Z","type":"item","id":"Q576566","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Normal covariant derivatives."}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2558564"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q576566$A4975821-739E-4E6E-AE78-E649F44807D4","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"3f91162109513d3e4c7231aff4fb2879d5f17f3c","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Normal covariant derivatives.","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q576566$4A0CC073-6DC0-4F80-ABE8-44693631893A","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"0ae2a4270738739fe7f6056679201505ad9fe62e","datavalue":{"value":"57.0910.01","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q576566$94A8DBF2-E65F-430D-9051-B51FACF716C7","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"42ac86c00802525a7e6c88038b1a1ca11b3beb0b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":561287,"id":"Q561287"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q576566$B2CE83A2-F347-4FD0-90CB-8E3C74410C76","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"569f7eee57c92af30f0779849471ff124ef80fbe","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":563364,"id":"Q563364"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q576566$A65DC9E3-64DE-49C8-83D5-1D109891547E","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"e0130902a9dcdeca58c7452ef77c67f7d7741a88","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1931-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q576566$C017A07A-CC1E-491A-AF29-72D0C029467B","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"ba85746b4ee18fa40a66c850500a17fe0ab52c0d","datavalue":{"value":"Um ein \u00f6rtliches Verschwinden der Komponenten \\(\\varGamma_{\\mu\\nu}^\\lambda(x)\\) eines affinen Zusammenhanges in einem Koordinatensystem \\((y)\\) zu erreichen, gen\u00fcgt zufolge der bekannten (nicht tensoriellen) Transformationseigenschaften von \\(\\varGamma_{\\mu\\nu}^\\lambda\\) der Ansatz:  \\[  \\varGamma_{\\mu\\nu}^\\lambda=\\frac{\\partial x^\\lambda}{\\partial y^\\alpha} \\frac{\\partial^2 y^\\alpha}{\\partial x^\\mu\\partial x^\\nu}. \\tag \\(^*\\)  \\]  Kovariante Ableitungen mit derart definierten Komponenten \\(\\varGamma_{\\mu\\nu}^\\lambda\\), z. B.  \\[  T_{:\\mu}^\\lambda=\\frac{\\partial T^\\lambda}{\\partial x^\\mu} +\\varGamma_{\\alpha\\mu}^\\lambda T^\\alpha,  \\]  nennt Verf. ``normalkovariante'' Ableitungen. Im Koordinatensystem \\((y)\\) lauten die Gleichungen einer Geod\u00e4tischen durch den Punkt \\((x^i)\\), wenn dieser den Ursprung \\((y^i=0)\\) des \\(y\\)-Koordinatensystems darstellt, einfach  \\[  y^i=a^is \\qquad (\\text{\\textit{Riemann-Veblen}sche Normalkoordinaten}).  \\]  Dann gilt: (I) Im Normalkoordinatensystem ist die normalkovariante Ableitung eines Tensors mit dessen gew\u00f6hnlicher partieller Ableitung identisch; (II) der aus \\((^*)\\) gebildete ``Normalkr\u00fcmmungstensor'' \\(B_{jkl}^i\\) verschwindet; (III) in einem Raum, dessen \\textit{Riemann}scher Kr\u00fcmmungstensor, gebildet aus den \\textit{Christoffel}schen Symbolen \\(\\{\\mu\\nu,\\lambda\\}\\), identisch verschwindet, gilt:  \\[  \\varGamma_{\\mu\\nu}^\\lambda=\\{\\mu\\nu,\\lambda\\}.  \\]  Von der weiteren Entwicklung des Kalk\u00fcls sei noch erw\u00e4hnt: Die normalkovarianten Ableitungen des Fundamentaltensors verschwinden im allgemeinen nicht; die \u00dcbertragung  \\[  dT^\\mu=-\\varGamma_{\\alpha\\beta}^\\mu T^\\alpha \\,dx^\\beta  \\]  ist fernparallel (integrabel). Die Autoparallelen dieser \u00dcbertragung fallen im Ursprung \\(y^i=0\\) -- dieser ist durch die Definition von \\(\\varGamma_{\\mu\\nu}^\\lambda\\) relativ zur \\textit{Riemann}schen \\(V_n\\) vom Fundamentaltensor \\(g_{\\alpha\\beta}\\) ausgezeichnet -mit den Geod\u00e4tischen zusammen.  Versteht man unter \\(2\\varOmega\\) das Quadrat der geod\u00e4tischen Distanz zweier Punkte \\(x^i\\) und \\(\\bar x^i\\) (bzw. 0 und \\(y^i\\)), so definiert Verf. durch  \\[  \\varOmega^\\mu T_{\\beta:\\mu}^\\alpha=mT_\\beta^\\alpha \\quad \\left(\\varOmega^\\mu=g^{\\mu\\alpha}\\frac{\\partial \\Omega}{\\partial x^\\alpha}\\right)  \\]  sogenannte homogene Tensoren vom Grad \\(m\\) in bezug auf den Basispunkt \\((\\bar x^i)\\). F\u00fcr derartige Tensoren liefert der entwickelte Kalk\u00fcl eine Reihe bemerkenswerter Anwendungen, darunter eine Verallgemeinerung des \\textit{Euler}schen Satzes \u00fcber homogene Funktionen. (Vgl. auch eine fr\u00fchere Arbeit des Verf., 1930; JFM 56.0663.*.) (V 7.)","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q576566$55D76BE7-CFF1-4F1E-830E-FA1EB95BBF1C","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"2e55e4d3ba10fd11eabd78d9e7c787841bd1d72a","datavalue":{"value":"2558564","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q576566$95756965-452A-4F44-93AB-011F3A7BE104","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q576566$7D9A65B3-256C-47C1-95E4-25A4AF25463E","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"1384ca9020b6aac76a550f7d2b4a8003297a9f10","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1112/plms/s2-33.1.66","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q576566$6F20EF20-DF32-4AD4-ABA5-E9E0717ABE02","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"e9f6fe33b33941bb0ed1ef5eca9773db779c9e38","datavalue":{"value":"W2069876654","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q576566$E6FDADB3-466E-4A5A-9991-E518ADC1EF72","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"bd90bbf766ae3366138f89290ef6a52ec87ba007","datavalue":{"value":"10.1112/PLMS/S2-33.1.66","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q576566$84C65068-4159-42BC-A2F8-D171950DCA02","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Normal covariant derivatives.","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Normal_covariant_derivatives."}}}}}