{"entities":{"Q578901":{"pageid":580668,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q578901","lastrevid":49086544,"modified":"2026-01-06T14:04:56Z","type":"item","id":"Q578901","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Prespecification in data refinement"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4014014"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$5BB9029B-645F-48C4-A4C0-86F59415F9EC","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"43eded49dd4cff3deb0e776c6ae50e0bbeccde8b","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Prespecification in data refinement","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$C300E630-0C75-4869-9BBD-BB1B1D991710","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"185e845b4d9b45c03cf0122ca85907f0dc82acaa","datavalue":{"value":"0624.68027","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$49F7B39A-C94F-45DE-8F2C-706A45940CF9","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"6594d8fa1a68e6ba7f1b925a4664b55f307f0e30","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0020-0190(87)90224-9","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$DAD28929-260D-4105-8F6E-170429F88D4E","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"6864df6a81eaf3b55e725ae1e843ca021bc92c02","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":578899,"id":"Q578899"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$C2171707-BE04-411F-8F2A-D88EEA95A4C2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"b8b4b706e0e1892c8640abf317cd4e1ff44c4fa9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":207989,"id":"Q207989"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$2680FAD0-C54B-4F2B-B39E-AC7B11C323C8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"4592f758caa5c13c92d413adcd5ccd6bee0651d0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":652157,"id":"Q652157"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$8C637144-0462-4AEA-A0B0-0A878E5AF10C","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"52fa7d44b58d0511cb8993765bd916aef86052d8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":63092,"id":"Q63092"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$560672B0-9FE1-40F5-A7FF-1E51245ECC4A","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"5ae48c61eed19d1e1e1f33f9255d5b329362d064","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1987-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$683BBFA7-09CB-4E6C-A677-82A301872022","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"ff6f0ceb7f6d542245077317e89ae4c4c9613947","datavalue":{"value":"In data refinement, a concrete data type replaces an abstract data type used in the design of an algorithm or system. We present two methods for calculating the weakest specification of each operation on a concrete data type from the specification of the corresponding abstract operation, together with a single simulation relation, which specifies the correspondence between the two types. The methods are proved sound and (jointly) complete for a nondeterministic procedural programming language slightly more powerful than \\textit{E. W. Dijkstra}'s [A discipline of programming (Englewood Cliffs 1976; Zbl 0368.68005)]. Operations (in general, nondeterministic) are represented by relations, and significant use is made of prespecification and postspecification [\\textit{C. A. R. Hoare} and \\textit{J. He}, Ann. Soc. Math. Polon., Ser. IV, Fundam. Inf. 9, 51-84 (1986; Zbl 0603.68009)].","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$B929FBC7-F3E2-4249-BC04-0989253A67C1","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"14cf74de25853c940589b125137b792dfb2d092b","datavalue":{"value":"68P05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$47581187-B2EF-4609-BE28-DBD24473D6EB","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"5bcc81ed32a4dd6e323d4d23449fb5be2e754b2c","datavalue":{"value":"4014014","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$F2C60FF9-996B-4BBB-B325-3DF39094E211","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1657b9e302015499beb20eee5142470398e14a48","datavalue":{"value":"data refinement","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$788824D3-CB4E-4204-9033-56299E307E2E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3b5e019a0480a8ff53cfcd59fd0d1a325bcdddc9","datavalue":{"value":"concrete data type","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$71B5F46F-F7EC-4AE5-94B4-C238BDA3DE00","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"da89a1358d0f802139a8fe7d622b2ab07ea247cd","datavalue":{"value":"abstract data type","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$109BFC10-9081-4236-9235-C3FC5CB54D72","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6415b3c3df2e7962308a9223ff05bbf0983a2738","datavalue":{"value":"weakest specification","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$A3B46FA7-EFBF-4273-BC58-8D71693EA724","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5f9c1b23e8ba227ee1064667740658d2e545e83c","datavalue":{"value":"nondeterministic procedural programming language","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$4F6218C6-BF22-4C10-9821-E5648AB2D21F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"edd838772666ef018a3ab9bc9a19d096ba351c19","datavalue":{"value":"prespecification","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$0D4787C3-4375-495F-A303-AAB2B621D5D9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6d353586864c2ba802a5284c1c947369f91b8c6d","datavalue":{"value":"postspecification","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$9BB285BE-A61E-4CA7-9728-1374368EDE78","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$DF8E487F-4EB6-409A-BEAB-A5490F6F0BB7","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"2454aac48c91b840ac206cd8505d445fb006a69d","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(87)90224-9","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$B5F73BDD-4273-4F38-B899-5ADB254B2874","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"0e4618fc91032df339b7dfc0874a20df3320cb65","datavalue":{"value":"W2152198540","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$B0A5A58D-F7D3-4984-85E4-64005F1945BF","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"226149966044b48001c0682076573b6d91099455","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4773988,"id":"Q4773988"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$0E8B937B-0CBD-462F-B51A-F4B1F42D1E2E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"61a080b074196bf11d4837ba9c75e22e80835817","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3713577,"id":"Q3713577"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$000394BC-118F-4C48-B521-F1A7E7FF2E63","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"db463348657cf41d5ff4d422c54e0c686e6e5dfc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2554952,"id":"Q2554952"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$B0359CC2-653E-4EB2-B50F-1EF41368D926","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"099ed24753c6cc2436c52e6d9ab3529d0f79274f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1091121,"id":"Q1091121"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$D70E6588-D0A4-4BC8-85C2-EC2B9306575B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"18ac860696e668a9ea3bf009a3485e439b6a4bbd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3859249,"id":"Q3859249"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$5577B7CE-B69D-4B60-9A26-19BCA1CF34E4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"60da585cac100a31c125360c9cbd2d207cbfe7df","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1148667,"id":"Q1148667"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$5B0DBEFF-D004-402E-9AED-E0A7B8EA74A0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"902fa84a8dafb3b0f49e0ed40bce623d274426ef","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1058286,"id":"Q1058286"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$490027BD-4B4C-476F-B7BF-D3561B2CAD0A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8090368e0e1c2bca919f00e317d355cf1aa8d484","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3907077,"id":"Q3907077"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q578901$03496C2C-FE7C-443C-B202-8879913E30E8","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ce179260ab0ff47ebfaac8a048ddf1066fa268ec","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3713577,"id":"Q3713577"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c31b902c6ec56db36d9953a8bbafb0352f3c7793","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.85520339012146","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q578901$62BDA2F3-8020-43E0-A314-ABAE0264C27D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e3da3410a1144b11d3db61e70cd19e647bf4cac0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1113664,"id":"Q1113664"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"eb38a1529b47096e4a7a1cec61e1b8cb18410b3d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.826305627822876","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q578901$66674745-0F2C-4139-A128-61D8E36AB449","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"00a0d47d9cd3dd94a04fa364cc9a84f4776fdd31","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":913482,"id":"Q913482"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cde3e9decdce01b69a4829c84ad2be4e056a61b6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8260787725448608","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q578901$8FB60A5A-0D2B-4E93-99DB-4976A6076492","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fa9eaf47ad74c5b6613c305fd1ead4bf479fab31","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4522331,"id":"Q4522331"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"351b73842ad68b554610b9754f99b44003f1555a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7892529368400574","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q578901$0F35B666-5D43-43DE-A976-2A2048DDDDBF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3bb8d9c26551135aed1bfaf0a93c7d9f891b1ace","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":911246,"id":"Q911246"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8013627e8e3096241fcac3f902fb18e76a2de8e6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7816610932350159","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q578901$B2432003-C0B0-4631-AABF-5FC699970A30","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:578901","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:578901"}}}}}