{"entities":{"Q579197":{"pageid":580964,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q579197","lastrevid":62977926,"modified":"2026-04-11T09:26:02Z","type":"item","id":"Q579197","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Optimal control of heat-pump heat-storage systems with time-of-day energy price incentive"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4014565"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$00F7EED0-D30E-47A2-989A-74B561156678","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"a651d52392c59e30e41308ec24556409643d87cc","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Optimal control of heat-pump heat-storage systems with time-of-day energy price incentive","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$289BFA73-1377-43C2-B367-8DA3F5377DB6","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"f4e2b72fd81db74f782486b4511892bd36bf2c37","datavalue":{"value":"0624.93047","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$65968A9D-24E3-497C-9354-979C7BAAED7B","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"8c4e8c2e1d38e836098886d7ea6e70bbaeb14008","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF00939772","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$B13C7F51-0058-4725-B321-68F350097BFD","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"02a7323aa661c36388f474711d1b3ef79922198b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":579194,"id":"Q579194"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$C82120E9-47E9-4F61-9781-E219DEFF3CDE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"69af9881c17534a90f37cd4cf626b53804f2d0f1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":579196,"id":"Q579196"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$C4C40F70-3F61-438B-A16C-61C69AE9F93A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"b8526f4570d15242ac84d341331ab061e186dfc5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1329239,"id":"Q1329239"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$3D0E918C-D737-430A-8338-F5F914168980","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"a3c8bf4d8569c126380a9fc42f55609089e776fb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":82026,"id":"Q82026"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$FEF18FAF-D3D8-44CB-B785-3CB5509FF5AB","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"31a1937240ca4a323604b4728c31d242b5596d7c","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1988-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$7E7902D3-5D68-48D9-804C-C506F33B193F","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"b16d746d3e6f683b16750259197725720119c0aa","datavalue":{"value":"The maximum principle of optimal control theory is applied to the problem of optimizing the operation of a heat pump, when a storage capability is available and the electrical utility offers time-of-day price incentives in order to help level its diurnal load profile. The cost functional for optimal control is the monetary cost of purchased electrical energy. A bilinear model for the heat pump is assumed. When the ambient temperature is cyclic over the 24-hour period of the price pattern, periodic boundary conditions apply and the closed extremal trajectories are found to be unique and easily determined with a one-dimensional numerical search. These extremals have simple characteristics and reveal plausible strategies for minimizing the cost of purchased energy. They are potentially implementable with a simple, microprocessor-based controller.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$C4AFD19B-B2DC-4288-B2BA-A51FBB612C23","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c9727d9ee90ef6c0f1bdf0ba5bb711e9a6b7cd05","datavalue":{"value":"93C95","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$2433683A-0F1C-4273-B2CF-19D0FB50172C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"18d3ff98a6b36ff583aa8db8acc5f9669058d6c6","datavalue":{"value":"49K15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$682621CF-FC2C-4BCD-95CE-C1E0FC8EDB3E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"9cf44d503e7d4771a74e60c8b165d38259abcf57","datavalue":{"value":"90B10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$3606059A-BF87-4A54-B661-74719FA16F20","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"76a7e9fd927fa6d8ce339fc16f270d7591ad280a","datavalue":{"value":"49M99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$97CA32EF-2DB4-4AD1-9BBC-554DDE88C816","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"559e9e993b5739992d837c78bb1ff74a483fa093","datavalue":{"value":"93C10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$F75E1F9C-7EB7-4FDD-995C-47291CE67234","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"31964975a867ece3af58a997107cfebdb3e3ac55","datavalue":{"value":"80A20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$C6985285-CBCA-4666-BAE2-61B6F2A85A88","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3cf19f414d003b599cb8555b9227d1a95bcc55a3","datavalue":{"value":"93C15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$1627CA95-4083-4518-B9E8-47266E324166","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"99f630fa0c72e47eb76b51bf0d75457f67fa5ae0","datavalue":{"value":"4014565","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$5020D00F-B416-4202-BB72-FA794BBBB486","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"80d22ee56935571f9d9d171f7da2c78cf303f535","datavalue":{"value":"maximum principle","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$354E8E5B-EC2A-4614-8F00-7A212F891362","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fa1876fc6b69aa0fa659b0ebb7d09495854c114b","datavalue":{"value":"heat pump","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$78509A4A-8C82-406F-9BE7-419D2D1C33B1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"43904cc08b25ac2862b226fb641f32885ff58c03","datavalue":{"value":"price incentives","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$12930014-F146-4A5C-99AD-9C44753D7A6D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"54dd0bb6c224cf06a5deeed70a49e6f44d651a97","datavalue":{"value":"time-of-day","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$9DCF29C1-2E5B-4756-9FD8-08DF57E92BE7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8b7f366f66b7757332b561d5706b2ce6497378c8","datavalue":{"value":"bilinear model","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$88CFFA7A-C2B8-40AB-9D55-B8EF8475FCB6","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$46A0C41B-1CFD-461E-8F4E-EF5890D55DC7","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"52ec9c1669aa6449eb4da578ef57c33cc35098bc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2541983,"id":"Q2541983"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$A7B41181-75EA-43C6-9E81-459A92777156","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e47660d8f859d28c7443c0f21d6af136f9fb6471","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2561769,"id":"Q2561769"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$FFD13747-1080-4C62-A405-89F588451864","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fe6af090a34ce4ff79a2a7ad7bc256c7b511de07","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2561768,"id":"Q2561768"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$314B2AD5-DB4A-4ED8-BC13-80B7593F032E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"12695fd73043abb22df87c62f0dbea3cf175b9db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2561770,"id":"Q2561770"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$F1926A20-F90D-4F7A-B164-6F9C027C268F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d169f7f891fd847c822295fb722210d11ba60e9a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":754476,"id":"Q754476"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$0089DDF4-D563-44D5-836A-0F270E9177E5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5604c519d347ad4edb562ec282c1c3bc338be45f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3807091,"id":"Q3807091"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$3EB67A9B-D338-4995-897C-BC8125D95C51","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"f8d4d166802bb67cbdc744341ac92959a8087e88","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00939772","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$94FBEDCF-6A24-4074-8F67-41E9A9FFBA73","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"a1d764d4043875441e3016f0f0034487dc62ea02","datavalue":{"value":"W2088194222","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579197$821FF58B-59BB-46E5-9364-3460E9352B24","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c96ddee3f6c2c8ed89c9808e9a2d8fd63df219ac","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3807091,"id":"Q3807091"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3885fd35c75596d60a3a144734e41af57bc718bc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8846814632415771","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q579197$25D21356-0ADF-4D44-9BFC-0FF6EEDAFEFA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f51700f138e3ba022e96faa44590c37ee01b624e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5411010,"id":"Q5411010"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a2c5cfc7012096dd7768d4e7dc8f4195cca73244","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.743751049041748","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q579197$00B21DE3-AE4E-465E-ADC8-C18ADFFF4715","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d67fd89988056f9086f25292736ce50f9d8192ca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4350047,"id":"Q4350047"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5b90f683b03587d6bb0bb30aa6f8ed6a05d86a7d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7403143048286438","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q579197$D26DBA82-DE26-41D1-A0BF-6A170B56B876","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6bdd3100f6649c388b4f3d070a3ed825fd8c1d2a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3791048,"id":"Q3791048"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c0c30c42542c312b35a23db60aad68525ce093f8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7369630336761475","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q579197$1D7BA5EC-282B-41A3-87CB-E325908B5761","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"43e2a0c181a75b0e87644c25f5f99c51b1d43e72","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3316479,"id":"Q3316479"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"63c9ec1c76f4ce52b3028971192f0261048a1abe","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7318516969680786","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q579197$1DCDD208-19E9-4DB9-84E7-FA171E31D8DA","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Optimal control of heat-pump heat-storage systems with time-of-day energy price incentive","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Optimal_control_of_heat-pump_heat-storage_systems_with_time-of-day_energy_price_incentive"}}}}}