{"entities":{"Q579351":{"pageid":581118,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q579351","lastrevid":62926251,"modified":"2026-04-11T09:01:36Z","type":"item","id":"Q579351","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"The Picard groups of the moduli spaces of curves"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4014884"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579351$F5E97FA9-849C-476B-ADA9-767A0095D94E","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"5d1089ffa142d0419d5434ed04d5b253ebe87991","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"The Picard groups of the moduli spaces of curves","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579351$095A390E-293D-47B4-B699-6F9FF711A891","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"19fc2fa8ee30e12a610a2b925b7361666ecb6d4c","datavalue":{"value":"0625.14014","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579351$7CE48A82-2D5F-4671-AA8D-914E194C3BD8","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"f20718a7f7edcc0d8185358022c5848d5b7d9b33","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0040-9383(87)90056-5","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579351$D7E0B54C-C6C3-44CC-8435-BA0EE4AEA243","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"e05a15f41b334849e3c4a4dfa0c9631a38e6c46a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":329431,"id":"Q329431"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579351$166E9596-C643-4227-9A95-6DCC9116AADC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"87cb1c7d472a5553ffafe81871de81e449b33c70","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":579350,"id":"Q579350"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579351$7860EF7B-256D-46E5-9B02-BCBB4A670708","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"68f468c44aee9489650eda81adf5e09eaa720a8c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":172615,"id":"Q172615"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579351$9552405F-0185-4E78-BA48-BD6EB81D415E","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"5ae48c61eed19d1e1e1f33f9255d5b329362d064","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1987-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579351$F0C8FC3F-B310-4046-826F-21DE16BDA748","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"9efa1c3bce5bc9d5facd6c4443e6449c87fc69a0","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(M_{g,h}\\) (\\({\\mathcal M}_{g,h})\\) denote the moduli space (functor) of smooth h-pointed curves of genus \\(g\\) over \\({\\mathbb{C}}\\), and \\(\\bar M_{g,h}\\) (\\(\\bar {\\mathcal M}_{g,h})\\) its natural compactification by means of stable curves. - It is known that the Picard group of \\(M_{g,h}\\), \\(Pic(M_{g,h})\\), is a free abelian group on \\(h+1\\) generators when \\(g\\geq 3\\) [\\textit{J. Harer}, Invent. Math. 72, 221-239 (1983; Zbl 0533.57003) and ``The cohomology of the moduli space of curves'', C.I.M.E. notes (Montecatini (1985)], and it is observed by \\textit{D. Mumford} [Enseign. Math., II. S\u00e9r. 23, 39-110 (1977; Zbl 0363.14003)] that the Picard group of \\({\\mathcal M}_{g,h}\\), Pic(\\({\\mathcal M}_{g,h})\\), has no torsion and contains \\(Pic(M_{g,h})\\) as a subgroup of finite index (a proof of the latter is sketched in the appendix).    Explicit bases for Pic(\\({\\mathcal M}_{g,h})\\) and Pic(\\(\\bar {\\mathcal M}_{g,h})\\), which is also free, are exhibited: Theorem \\((h=0):\\) For any \\(g\\geq 3\\), Pic(\\(\\bar {\\mathcal M}_{g,0})\\) is freely generated by \\(\\lambda,\\delta_ 0,\\delta_ 1,...,\\delta_{[g/2]}\\); while Pic(\\({\\mathcal M}_{g,0})\\) is freely generated by \\(\\lambda\\). Here \\(\\lambda,\\delta_ 0,\\delta_ 1,...,\\delta_{[g/2]}\\) denote, respectively, the Hodge class, and the boundary classes. - Theorem \\((h>0).\\) For every \\(g\\geq 3\\), Pic(\\(\\bar {\\mathcal M}_{g,h})\\) is freely generated by \\(\\lambda,\\psi_ 1,...,\\psi_ h\\) and \\(\\delta_ 0,\\delta_{\\alpha;i_ 1,...,i_ a}\\) (0\\(\\leq \\alpha \\leq [g/2]\\), \\(0\\leq a\\leq h\\) with \\(\\alpha\\geq 2\\) if \\(a=0\\), \\(i_ 1<...<i_ a)\\); while Pic(\\({\\mathcal M}_{g,h})\\) is freely generated by \\(\\lambda,\\psi_ 1,...,\\psi_ h\\). Here the \\(\\delta\\) 's are the boundary classes in Pic(\\(\\bar {\\mathcal M}_{g,h})\\) and the \\(\\psi\\) 's are the classes in Pic(\\(\\bar {\\mathcal M}_{g,h})\\) defined for a family \\(F=(\\pi: X\\to S,\\;\\sigma_ 1,...,\\sigma_ h)\\) of h-pointed stable curves of genus \\(g\\) by setting \\((\\psi_ i)_ F=\\sigma^*_ i(\\omega_{\\pi})\\), \\(i=1,...,h\\), where \\(\\omega_{\\pi}\\) is the relative dualizing sheaf.    The proof of the theorem for \\(h=0\\) proceeds as follows: One knows that \\(\\lambda\\) and \\(\\delta\\) 's are linearly independent and that any class \\(\\xi\\) in Pic(\\(\\bar {\\mathcal M}_{g,0})\\) is a linear combination of \\(\\lambda\\) and \\(\\delta\\) 's with coefficients in \\({\\mathbb{Q}}\\), i.e., \\(\\xi =a\\lambda +\\sum b_ i\\delta_ i.\\) The proof is completed if one can show that \\(a,b_ i\\in {\\mathbb{Z}}\\), and this is done by constructing two different sets of families of \\(k+2\\) stable curves \\(G_ 1,...,G_{k+2}\\) \\((k=[g/2])\\) with the property that the corresponding values of the determinant \\(\\det(\\eta)\\) of the matrix  \\[  \\eta = \\eta(G_ 1,...,G_{k+2})= \\begin{pmatrix} \\deg_{G_ 1}\\lambda & \\deg_{G_ 1}\\delta_ 1 & ... & \\deg_{G_ 1}\\delta_ k \\\\ \\vdots &&&\\vdots \\\\ \\deg_{G_{k+2}}\\lambda & ... & ... & \\deg_{G_{k+2}}\\delta_ k \\end{pmatrix}  \\]  are relatively prime.    The proof of the theorem for \\(h>0\\) proceeds as follows: First it is proved on the basis of Harer's theorem that the classes \\(\\lambda,\\psi_ 1,...,\\psi_ h\\), \\(\\delta_ 0,\\delta_{\\alpha;i_ 1,...,i_ a}\\) form a basis of Pic(\\(\\bar {\\mathcal M}_{g,h})\\otimes {\\mathbb{Q}}\\), and that the classes \\(\\lambda,\\psi_ 1,...,\\psi_ h\\) form a basis of \\(Pic({\\mathcal M}_{g,h})\\otimes {\\mathbb{Q}}\\). Then the proof is completed by the following proposition and on induction on h: Let L be a line bundle on \\(\\bar {\\mathcal M}_{g,h+1}\\). If L is trivial on smooth curves there exists a line bundle \\({\\mathcal L}\\) on \\(\\bar {\\mathcal M}_{g,h}\\) such that \\(cl(L)\\equiv \\vartheta (cl({\\mathcal L}))\\) modulo boundary classes. Conversely, if there is \\({\\mathcal L}\\) on \\(\\bar {\\mathcal M}_{g,h}\\) such that cl(L)- \\(\\vartheta(cl({\\mathcal L}))\\) is an integral linear combination of boundary classes other than the \\(\\delta_{0;i,h+1}\\), then L is trivial on smooth curves.    As an application of the second theorem, a conjecture of Franchetta is proved: Let \\((M_{g,h})^ 0\\) be the open subset of \\(M_{g,h}\\) consisting of all genus g\\ h-pointed curves without non-trivial automorphisms. Let \\({\\mathcal C}\\to (M_{g,0})^ 0\\) be the universal family of genus g curves, S a Zariski open subset of \\((M_{g,0})^ 0\\) and \\(\\pi: X\\to S\\) the restriction of the universal family to S. Then for any line bundle L on X, the restriction of L to any fiber of \\(\\pi\\) is an integral multiple of the canonical bundle. Finally, a result on \\(Pic(\\bar M_{g,h})\\) is proved: If \\(g\\geq 3\\), \\(A_{3g+h-4}(\\bar M_{g,h})\\) is the index-two subgroup of \\(Pic(\\bar {\\mathcal M}_{g,h})\\) generated by \\(\\psi_ 1,...,\\psi_ h,2\\lambda,\\lambda +\\delta_ 1\\), and the boundary classes different from \\(\\delta_ 1\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579351$07A74254-6772-4DAB-AE5F-FB341609175A","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"76579edf630459249a27f193b026921158c16c09","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":396524,"id":"Q396524"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579351$5760688D-E306-4B69-B972-640BCFFA65B6","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4033640730fa5f082c04324ad7ab004dff8623e9","datavalue":{"value":"14H10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579351$07F756A9-436F-4B8C-939A-283D2762C520","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"42184525ada3e3b80a15df2de06161c2b7616606","datavalue":{"value":"14C22","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579351$A99826C9-C58A-4535-A953-3DCA06C0C131","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"f08ab9ff341ab45cf32bfc14c9b3b2e639f2c1eb","datavalue":{"value":"4014884","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579351$0C7F1E32-3053-4DD7-8557-03DABB835726","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"adb2ccd0d9d17ffc75c335299555e4e07b11117a","datavalue":{"value":"moduli space of curves of genus g","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579351$D1E817F7-8CED-4F7A-AF15-25743E3B00C4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2cda441e16a91aefcc410dd9adc5161d9c99a8b2","datavalue":{"value":"Picard group","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579351$F406FB48-B4C5-4A00-8853-B85621494162","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579351$2B6FD6C6-3030-4FCC-BB61-4DE2666AAA39","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"4e43361414f601743f2ff3b68aa4f846a3847e67","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-9383(87)90056-5","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579351$86E2EA40-751C-4A38-A79C-17CF17BAD3DF","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"8b45a25ceec9afd0ec6c4e10b30efe27f23aa65b","datavalue":{"value":"W2050174898","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579351$97D86BD7-82EE-4127-9F42-300F4DD60D1C","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"373dae805d672e2db0cd2ff244457c10d1a365cd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1071073,"id":"Q1071073"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"22baa213add51b1cedeab92b237e384359e79c93","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8644639849662781","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q579351$2708955F-BF84-496D-B5D4-2AF4572A7C02","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fb0996410102f52075fc1e6fbe41fc6db8ddf901","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3778103,"id":"Q3778103"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5c23289f1d1a0d303d5cca345ded91b4f91d2f84","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8554787635803223","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q579351$F611A658-B40D-485E-9EDC-3A25F8CB8D7D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ad45976e2f3e05b413b114d49cd208167c9a72d4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5854250,"id":"Q5854250"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6d07cce0796cc7092497558cb2e1fd5aac1cce7e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8386306166648865","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q579351$154638EE-916F-4EE6-AA19-7D8404B245E4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"60c39fed3ed35686d1e859b790f86e7438d460ab","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1189297,"id":"Q1189297"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7cc9a19112e4709aaa6d977569a4882089bd7e68","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8315813541412354","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q579351$60EB6601-5F8B-4B32-BE49-24F36389903C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e206036c28a3a0831f87f2eac415a50b422c2d39","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4807353,"id":"Q4807353"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"12a980c7210122ef924b4dc976eda95f77fcb596","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8294082880020142","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q579351$C72C4B6E-3A25-4C17-BB0B-80A8BDDA6288","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"The Picard groups of the moduli spaces of curves","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/The_Picard_groups_of_the_moduli_spaces_of_curves"}}}}}