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der Arbeit ist die kinetische Gastheorie eines einatomigen Gases mit einer Komponente und ihre Durchf\u00fchrung mittels der Boltzmannschen Fundamentalgleichung und des Sto\u00dfzahlansatzes. Sie setzt sich kritisch mit den in dieser Theorie gemachten Grundannahmen auseinander und zeigt einen neuen Weg, um zu h\u00f6heren N\u00e4herungen f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung der Boltzmannschen Fundamentalgleichung zu gelangen. W\u00e4hrend die bisherigen h\u00f6heren N\u00e4herungen, auch wenn man sie beliebig weit treibt, nur die thermodynamischen Begriffe enthalten und so nur einen kleinen Teil der Mannigfaltigkeit von L\u00f6sungen der Boltzmannschen Fundamentalgleichung approximieren, wird hier eine Folge von N\u00e4herungen angegeben, welche wesentlich allgemeiner sind. Die leitende Idee ist, die molekulare Verteilungsfunktion im Phasenraum als Funktion der Geschwindigkeit der Hermiteschen Orthogonalfunktionen von drei Ver\u00e4nderlichen zu entwickeln und diese Entwicklung an einer bestimmten Stelle abzubrechen; die Entwicklungskoeffizienten werden als Zufallsvariablen gew\u00e4hlt; die thermodynamischen Variablen kommen in der Gewichtsfunktion vor welche Polynome definiert, und sind stets in den Variablen enthalten. Die ersten Koeffizienten sind im wesentlichen die Spannungen und der W\u00e4rmestrom; sie spielen also hier die Rolle unabh\u00e4ngiger Variablen mit eigenen .Anfangswerten und eigenen Differentialgleichungen. Insbesondere existiert keine universelle Beziehung, welche die Spannungen und den W\u00e4rmestrom durch die thermodynamischen Variablen und ihre Gradienten beliebiger Ordnung ausdr\u00fcckt. Die Entwicklung bis zu den Hermiteschen Polynomen dritten Grades wird eingehend untersucht und die zugeh\u00f6rigen makroskopischen Gleichungen, welche die \u00fcblichem aerodynamischen Gleichungen verallgemeinern, werden aufgestellt; sie stellen ein in sich geschlossenes Gleichungssystem dar und enthalten beispielsweise die Relaxationen der Spannungen und des W\u00e4rmestroms aber auch den unter besonderen Bedingungen g\u00fcltigen Zusammenhang zwischen Spannungen und W\u00e4rmestrom einerseits, den Geschwindigkeits- und Temperaturgradienten bis zur zweiten Ordnung andererseits. Die Proportionalit\u00e4t des W\u00e4rmestroms mit dem Temperaturgradienten gilt nur mehr unter besonderen Bedingungen. Die Charakteristiken und die Grenzbedingungen dieses erweiterten Systems von Differentialgleichungen werden ausf\u00fchrlich untersucht. 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