{"entities":{"Q579633":{"pageid":581400,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q579633","lastrevid":62918661,"modified":"2026-04-11T08:59:22Z","type":"item","id":"Q579633","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"On null submanifolds in spacetimes"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4015603"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579633$AB25582A-B9F3-4CEC-8095-9BF01CC0C2FA","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"25f28bfefedd64c37f47b167a939102e81fc6f5f","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"On null submanifolds in spacetimes","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579633$08D6C7A9-8AF8-4995-BA01-D2BECF2A863F","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"902792d625a154fc3be31e0c4dedd1022639a97f","datavalue":{"value":"0625.53019","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579633$5A630388-09F5-4AF5-8FC9-13CC61C6C005","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"248dd3b03efade84548d8ffb935e07f0cb73f742","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":579632,"id":"Q579632"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579633$F554F0FA-B726-4D5E-B53A-0EC487A6E4BE","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"7b27d55f344dc6bfd48e3ff9582c04d67175a8a8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":181320,"id":"Q181320"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579633$FD97776F-91EB-43BB-93A4-C164EDFC33F9","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"5ae48c61eed19d1e1e1f33f9255d5b329362d064","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1987-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579633$1682A4B0-0BCC-4C16-9067-A6627058794A","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"1bac0a51e18b80cdb34de9cf8c3b10720ded3426","datavalue":{"value":"The author gives a systematic study of the structure of submanifolds S in a space-time M of arbitrary dimension for which the restriction of the Lorentz metric to their tangent bundle is degenerate (null submanifolds). In contrast to the non-degenerate case the usual decomposition into complementary tangent and normal parts does not work in this situation. The main tool to overcome this difficulty is the so-called null line subbundle of TS along every null submanifold S which is uniquely determined.    Therefore at the beginning elementary properties of null submanifolds are studied which are related with their null line subbundle. Then the relations between the null generators of S and the separation of S by space-like submanifolds are discussed. Generalizing a quotient construction which generally has been used for the study of null geodesics, the author associates a canonical Riemannian vector bundle to S and establishes a second fundamental tensor in these terms. The general properties of this construction are outlined. Finally the deviation of null congruences in null submanifolds is introduced and its relation to the second fundamental tensor is demonstrated.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579633$1254104E-691F-487B-8D4B-DB5CD85AF6AF","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7551f6be449c3200c9e4befa08c18693fa8ad574","datavalue":{"value":"53B25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579633$022A5C6D-EE02-4948-83AC-261AEA6C5831","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"2225ec2622e37175ce6c167308dc1978446a075d","datavalue":{"value":"53B30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579633$011A6909-DA3D-46C4-9D19-69160FE1659F","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"ad0d42712bf9400aaf3794fe2e4830be62245bb5","datavalue":{"value":"4015603","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579633$E28C9E5A-D7E0-4C94-9270-1D6CA9E4DF38","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f12c1b5f622b13389d11930e9c80398aa92f827c","datavalue":{"value":"null submanifolds","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579633$66D614AD-B1B2-4FF0-9684-9ACB00D59196","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b8a1f21fde444f2a4d480259564dfc213bd4d9bf","datavalue":{"value":"null line subbundle","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579633$49644BA0-0110-4188-9BE0-8324D6469545","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1769c53da0ed410de357f1d7e8dbbedfd67228ee","datavalue":{"value":"Riemannian vector bundle","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579633$9597A273-4A28-4753-8E59-9CD3B722A84A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fbd1a93c7c88e41c8f3e51bebdcfd243f0e39eb8","datavalue":{"value":"second fundamental tensor","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579633$2E8B25E6-665F-459A-83D4-53AF8654754B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d6cd9fc505546bab7f94314a3301b44a279a31de","datavalue":{"value":"null congruences","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579633$2A9A4697-F0C3-4329-933A-C96AACF6BDC5","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"1bab4647d21818130e4f26a9c056c6f9dc009651","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1238227,"id":"Q1238227"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579633$D7C8B484-8CFE-476B-BC6B-09748703A822","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q579633$5D112DFB-F432-495A-A927-1D89E60C22DA","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9c454f19feb36aa6dde9649609b446e54755c314","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2106318,"id":"Q2106318"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0fa676cb1f95d56a9aca6e0b29b7d516ffae99fc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.77912134","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q579633$A7E76907-76AD-46AB-8CCC-43FCA6D6BFC0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8749ddcb77d44043af1481eda1d57dbbd23513ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1102552,"id":"Q1102552"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0d35a7b7fb8a60f2a036e3be30cbddf48a6ee038","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7707394","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q579633$A671C41F-FDB4-4BE5-AE43-D35C87042603","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"944a048f9bbc27ee3775ecef391ac413801a5561","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2599987,"id":"Q2599987"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ad79d98153a0bd170ee0ffe56b4a0e747c10577f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.76926714","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q579633$92A5FECF-1411-49B7-B7E4-3E96BA243853","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"07ff3a36d01b886e0c775d178afc5ea67c2a8bcc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1091615,"id":"Q1091615"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"72109a2cdf5b8101d265c642021c89cce4e9df8f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.76349497","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q579633$03CF6598-7889-4F71-A2E3-DDA845D863F3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ad5a3b8020576454f288324e015b19539dab77c7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":664448,"id":"Q664448"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c1ce435647bf9ca35323464602e594df0a8d2817","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7592063","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q579633$94F07D0F-AB21-45ED-BF87-3FD434D51BB0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fff6255f48e74f3395fc843fadbf2ec7826ff51e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4460137,"id":"Q4460137"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0e77fac1584c682947375bb5b8df17085397565a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.75590396","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q579633$77D6B630-6063-4ED9-9D4D-BD6B0CF04035","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e7d3fe6c345a2fb159dc724f624a9fb2b931279d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3147561,"id":"Q3147561"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"eb04691bbe7c7e41270eb9e5969f3b3cee3a3949","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.750627","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q579633$DF5CC692-0960-4903-BA85-470AF31B5409","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a22df958aaea30af1bbc7cc49f8938ffd0bde861","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3319353,"id":"Q3319353"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0c823379ffcda7f11074d02f0c01bbd1bf1900ea","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7490258","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q579633$C9DEEF01-52D2-403C-A6A3-45941BF2A31D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9412156567f1c4cb2d17be3a731be5aa62b7aa73","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5186336,"id":"Q5186336"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d28ffa1664393ba5959377dd0afd0c70fe895113","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7468912","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q579633$79E0A8A2-08BE-4E85-A079-C9A568ACD69F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"501783a881e94545ead23bbd537c10604c47b9d1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4300177,"id":"Q4300177"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"285eda1ea82a7de2a6db9594db0bb2f260e58f4d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7468748","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q579633$09587BBA-C840-471B-98F2-1D5BD1B1DF2E","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"On null submanifolds in spacetimes","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/On_null_submanifolds_in_spacetimes"}}}}}