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Let \\(\\omega\\) be the cohomology class represented by the fundamental 2-form \\(\\phi\\). M is said to be cohomologically Einsteinian if \\(c_ 1=b\\omega\\) for some constant b, where \\(c_ 1\\) is the first Chern class of M [see \\textit{K. Ogiue}, J. Differ. Geom. 10, 201-205 (1975; Zbl 0301.53035)]. The class of cohomological Einstein Kaehler manifolds is wider than the class of Einstein Kaehler manifolds. The author characterizes the complex 2- dimensional cohomological Einstein Kaehler manifolds.    Let \\(a_ 1\\) be the real number such that \\(\\omega^{n-1}c_ 1=a_ 1\\omega^ n\\). The main result of the paper is the following Theorem: Let M be a compact Kaehler manifold of complex dimension \\(n=2\\). Denote by \\({\\mathcal A}(M)\\) the arithmetic genus of M and by \\(\\tau\\) the scalar curvature. One has  \\[  (A)^ 2\\chi (M)+3 sign(M)=8{\\mathcal A}(M)+sign(M)=12{\\mathcal A}(M)-\\chi (M)\\leq 2 vol(M)a^ 2_ 1  \\]  with equality if and only if the Kaehler metric is cohomologically Einsteinian with \\(c_ 1=a_ 1\\). Moreover  \\[  (B)\\quad 3 sign(M)+\\chi (M)\\leq vol(M)a^ 2_ 1+(1/192\\pi^ 2)\\int_{M}\\tau^ 2dv  \\]   \\[  sign(M)+6{\\mathcal A}(M)\\leq (3/2)vol(M)a^ 2_ 1+(1/1152\\pi^ 2)\\int_{M}\\tau^ 2dv,  \\]  where the equalities hold, respectively, only if the Kaehler metric is of constant holomorphic sectional curvature \\(c=(4/3)\\cdot \\pi a_ 1.\\)    From this theorem the author obtains some interesting restrictions for the constructions of cohomological Einstein metrics on complex 2- manifolds as well as a characterization of Kaehler metrics of constant holomorphic sectional curvature in terms of \\(\\int_{M}\\tau dv\\) and \\(\\int_{M}\\tau^ 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