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For this purpose an effective a posteriori error estimation is derived. Let us write the equation in the form \\(x-Kx=y\\), where \\((Kx)(t)=\\int^{1}_{0}k(t,s)x(s)ds,\\) assuming that the kernel k(t,s) and the right-hand side y(t) of the equation are both differentiable as much as necessary. Let us denote by \\(x_ n\\) an approximate solution of the equation. Supposing the equation is not singular, so that the operator (I-K) has a bounded inverse, the residual \\(\\rho_ n=(I-K)x_ n-y\\) may be used to error estimation \\(\\| x-x_ n\\| \\leq \\| (I- K)^{-1}\\| \\| \\rho_ n\\|.\\) The real problem is to obtain realistic (not too pessimistic) and effectively computable bounds on \\(\\| (I-K)^{-1}\\|.\\)    Some computable error bounds have been known for some time, but they did not work well for large \\(\\| K\\|\\). The authors explore an own approach developed by the second author [Int. J. Comput. Math. 24, 74-81 (1988; Zbl 0659.65140)], using a degenerate kernel approximation based on piecewise linear polynomial on a mesh with equally-spaced knots. They obtain simple lower and upper bound estimations of \\(\\| (I-K)^{- 1}\\|\\). In many practical cases these estimates differ relatively little one from other.    The method described in the paper was successfully implemented in an algorithm and a FORTRAN program solving the above integral equation; the details are described in a separate report by the second and the third author [A program for solving Fredholm integral equation with guaranteed accuracy. (Technical Report CSE-88-5, Univ. of California, Davis) (1988)]. 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