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If, for example, A is a direct sum of cyclics, then A is determined by A[p].    In Section 1 the authors generalize a result of Hill and Megibben by proving the following Theorem (V\\(=L\\)). Let A be a separable, abelian p- group of cardinality \\(\\aleph_ 1\\). If A is neither a direct sum of cyclics nor torsion-complete, then there exists a separable p-group \\(A'\\) such that \\(A'\\) and A are not isomorphic but \\(A'[p]\\) and A[p] are isometric.    In Section 2, \\(\\omega_ 1\\)-separable p-groups A of cardinality \\(\\aleph_ 1\\) are examined. Any group in this class has an \\(\\omega_ 1\\)- filtration \\(A=\\cup_{\\nu <\\omega_ 1}A_{\\nu}\\) into pure countable subgroups \\(A_{\\nu}\\) such that \\(A_{\\nu +1}\\) is a summand of \\(A_{\\mu}\\) for all \\(\\nu <\\mu <\\omega_ 1\\). If \\(A'=\\cup_{\\nu <\\omega_ 1}A'_{\\nu}\\) is another such group, then A and \\(A'\\) are called filtration-equivalent if, for suitable filtrations of A and \\(A'\\), there are isomorphisms \\(f_{\\nu}: A_{\\nu}\\to A'_{\\nu}\\), for all \\(\\nu <\\omega_ 1\\), such that \\(f_{\\nu}(A_{\\mu})=A'_{\\mu}\\) for all \\(\\mu\\leq \\nu.\\)    Theorem \\((2^{\\aleph_ 0}<2^{\\aleph_ 1})\\). There exist \\(\\omega_ 1\\)-separable p-groups which are filtration-equivalent, have isometric socles and isomorphic basic subgroups, but are not themselves isomorphic.    Denote by C the class of all \\(\\omega_ 1\\)-separable p-groups A which have a filtration \\(\\cup A_{\\nu}\\) where either \\(A_{\\lambda +1}/A_{\\lambda}=Z(p^{\\infty})\\oplus C_{\\lambda}\\) with \\(C_{\\lambda}^ a \\)direct sum of cyclics, or \\(A_{\\lambda}\\) is a summand of \\(A_{\\lambda +1}\\) for all \\(\\lambda <\\omega_ 1\\). Theorem. If A and \\(A'\\) in C have isometric socles, then they are filtration equivalent. Theorem (MA\\(+\\neg CH\\)). If A and \\(A'\\) belong to C, then \\(A\\simeq A'\\) if and only if A[p] and \\(A'[p]\\) are isometric. As a consequence, it is undecidable in ZFC if groups in C are determined by their 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