{"entities":{"Q5894536":{"pageid":7933321,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q5894536","lastrevid":102043715,"modified":"2026-06-06T03:22:08Z","type":"item","id":"Q5894536","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"On some interesting ternary formulas"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7032084"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$2D0D3A71-842F-4B94-8A08-03EF20527177","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"41e8b384a0afd3e0abc2ce0cfb9d36318b51075a","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"On some interesting ternary formulas","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$B1DD2BB6-A087-4409-9043-1D7CA4422217","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"f4c4a38c5345a98e0e3f0ccd68f300f98934333d","datavalue":{"value":"1419.68070","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$3802E5C6-BDA2-4193-B2E8-E48BAD44B202","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"2b3826c52088f4aa88f5af749aa0df3944c777e9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":244933,"id":"Q244933"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$724BC75A-5AAC-4D47-9382-042A5B05DCB5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"78345249e55a9bb9c4e6d502130671e58eccc6b9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":668060,"id":"Q668060"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$DF621E62-FA83-4B05-9696-C844E198C289","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"ebc7441ecfd9ecfa38d48ddc4b2adb39ac7d7000","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":161296,"id":"Q161296"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$F7402A74-FCB4-4537-9267-9F6CF1160C49","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"c236a5296bce37f0e3594963375752714d7f6e86","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2019-03-05T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$C121ED29-1BE1-49FB-A06D-ADAD1AE2CC5A","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"2a56e5a23d015a21f2bd75098e9cc39cfaa94811","datavalue":{"value":"https://www.combinatorics.org/ojs/index.php/eljc/article/view/v26i1p12","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$B07A45A6-0957-4350-8E9D-5C8787066CBF","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"619a71bf7cc8ec08be9b697fe04ea0159014fb4d","datavalue":{"value":"A ternary formula \\(f\\) consists of several \\textit{fragments} over the alphabet \\(\\Delta=\\{A,B,C\\}\\) separated by dots: \\(f=f_1.f_2 \\dots f_k\\). Its \\textit{occurrence} in a word \\(w\\) over another alphabet \\(\\Sigma\\) is a non-erasing morphism \\(h: \\Delta^* \\to \\Sigma^*\\) such that for every fragment \\(f_i\\) of \\(f\\), \\(h(f_i)\\) appears as a factor of \\(w\\). If \\(w\\) does not admit occurrences of \\(f\\), it is said to \\textit{avoid it}, and the general question of the theory is: What is the minimal alphabet over which a given formula can be avoided on an infinite number of words, or, which is the same, on infinite words? If it is avoided, how many words of length \\(n\\) avoid it?  The paper contains several examples of ternary formulas with interesting avoidance properties, including some formulas avoided by basically only one ternary infinite word, another avoided by polynomially many binary words of a given length, and a formula which looks like a palindrome and is avoidable over the 4-letter but not over the 3-letter alphabet. It also contains a more general result: All \\textit{nice} ternary formulas, meaning that for every variable \\(X\\) of \\(f\\) there exists a fragment of \\(f\\) that contains \\(X\\) at least twice, are avoidable over the 3-letter alphabet.  The results of the paper were obtained by a technique using both a computer-based case study and theoretic arguments.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$BFA72F95-8DF6-4B49-96B3-211C476EA9C8","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"23149673dde05813672617e26c3fcb130092997c","datavalue":{"value":"68R15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$14C6A614-01A7-40CA-B532-718AD34B2BD0","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"5c4b3129036ed795a14ec922c78222c7658fe377","datavalue":{"value":"7032084","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$8B355216-6A61-4298-A643-745599B12885","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3d589d1418bb454d0d57abd8c2020b4fc06552aa","datavalue":{"value":"pattern avoidance","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$353E8E7E-49CB-4B2B-AA18-2899AD676136","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8967d0a934eaa6194b5afbe1fbb4e78c8127645d","datavalue":{"value":"combinatorics on words","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$0469D1C9-2C61-4437-BD63-C013F37612C4","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"1270526a40b4e0731730a3abee5a1d4390b5770e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1750220,"id":"Q1750220"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$5639617F-5405-4915-A9E2-3E09075C648A","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$49966E05-1B61-44A7-BF98-379F73EB1CFD","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"80ac228e0a8acb953c0ce04885ae6edc96ddec5c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":908709,"id":"Q908709"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$218C1A72-6853-4FDF-B8A6-979ABD9954A5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c568f183a3ed00948eb2c0f301e0a84093852563","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":727190,"id":"Q727190"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$428E01FE-AC3C-44DF-9212-EB68560EBE2F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a38c60b2cf8b2b33ddf0095795d7e0b8674aff48","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":701551,"id":"Q701551"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$046CE963-9F18-4812-8839-D4C090F5DAF3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"539d0f71c49fdea0bbe5491ba9d5863bba97ce29","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1743715,"id":"Q1743715"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$46211143-A6C9-46F3-B1DE-08295E4E97B1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"35912017dd6aa8092ff0d53f45f1ad24825db48c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":878624,"id":"Q878624"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$8ED622C9-76C5-4C45-9133-C88E387E0A3C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0dec30fdb155ff2faf393ee982830075ba2ed985","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":351673,"id":"Q351673"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$189D9D9F-7D66-44C3-802F-33DB0BA4B5E1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7273c5b24ad72bbfbad8718f0b57ab619400c14c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3421905,"id":"Q3421905"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$CA9CF537-92E1-4A6F-8F9E-54DCCCA0A16E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"756dee485802f0d87b220bea0f3b7679f8925171","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2635083,"id":"Q2635083"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$B234D7D7-1F45-469D-AF15-CFA30E72B4E4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b7eb8ac0137b25a78b96e8ed68164a08b0f1c4e3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1676792,"id":"Q1676792"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$9AC1C32E-AEBD-48E5-A8C0-7721ABA1CE65","rank":"normal"}],"P1633":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1633","hash":"c12ca02bf268a166489db93004e831219351ef62","datavalue":{"value":"bafkreifinns7bve2khie7diypzijvwkfxwcv2qjogbvei3guc4ni3ww5za","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5894536$9DC30BB1-31BD-4B66-99A3-A9A76CE4D525","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0ab296050e6530b1ebe5d0b7e2ccbff7b696d302","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5915742,"id":"Q5915742"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7866de39a57e4957ddad9e628c22e109274579c6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9750824570655824","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5894536$1CCCE67D-B6D2-4CB9-83FA-5A782550245F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"14fbb285e549669f2cf59fbac7c25670cc3b7da6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1743715,"id":"Q1743715"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5796988a9b4be6125bb1bbb3cf7cff1d90447866","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.800940990447998","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5894536$F1CC28D1-060A-4227-8C95-4985BD2C7625","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"89551d94eebf053fdbbc8a5baa20d91f0f697a3d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":289989,"id":"Q289989"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"99bd8a3b5c96a0f6bbfceaa701b25b8e0a683d90","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7927339673042297","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5894536$978E09F6-281D-4F09-8852-BA41534727BF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"08e9b206615ad0db2bc8550ae8b3c6231c1361b7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2517160,"id":"Q2517160"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fc8e9d2a077ab915cfed7e4eb09c1588cfe91ba3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7863087058067322","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5894536$59A7B755-713B-421C-B738-5C592F200FD4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"267506ad009d078515e422e27597868008d63ea3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2223455,"id":"Q2223455"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9a4d9a92d7da54ef1c8021065100705485bc9d0e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7860646843910217","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5894536$B5DA2B9F-BB7A-4C0B-B865-36F41729E3C6","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"On some interesting ternary formulas (scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7032084)","badges":[]}}}}}