{"entities":{"Q5899768":{"pageid":8004624,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q5899768","lastrevid":97518629,"modified":"2026-06-05T14:56:25Z","type":"item","id":"Q5899768","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Injecting inconsistencies into models of PA"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4143976"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5899768$BE358EA1-C798-46D2-9F29-554AE4C9F3CE","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"9d1d444c59f0e37daeae90dcc34b7719cf9f597e","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Injecting inconsistencies into models of PA","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5899768$21E4340C-9465-4035-AB6A-60CD56E4B67C","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"b38bddd6bfb13becba78a74dde9a60109facc414","datavalue":{"value":"0698.03040","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5899768$BA83BB43-679D-4720-9B99-33A68E0F86C0","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"59f8265bfdd9f2a885c6ba9ba885939a3aeacafd","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0168-0072(89)90048-1","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5899768$4072A43B-7363-4F5B-8C43-2D05743BD90C","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"3a1d77722b6fe6caacd97594ec637c99ed191138","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":912093,"id":"Q912093"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5899768$7F807593-D291-46FE-BC05-125770E612D1","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"f91a4bcbc93435aed71775d25a4c5cd09e26f12d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":122505,"id":"Q122505"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5899768$1A65B3BF-AAA9-4B84-A65C-7387D1C167C5","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"7211ad5ca16eb0d22cd0051fff3d0f3af254ceb6","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1989-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5899768$58699095-B4A2-411A-8C82-A722ADA2704D","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"3e0e439b4e4746d9e8f3cf2edd60414eff70be98","datavalue":{"value":"Paris and Dimitracopoulos have shown that there exist models M and N of PA such that for some nonstandard number n, M and N ``agree up to n'' but do not ``agree up to 2''. Solovay's paper presents a variant of this result. The main theorem says that if M is a countable nonstandard model of PA, n nonstandard element of M which is ``much larger'' than r, for a nonstandard r such that \\(M\\vDash Con(I\\Sigma_ r)\\), then there is a model N of PA such that the set of elements of M which are smaller than n is an initial segment of N, \\(N\\vDash Con(I\\Sigma_{r-1})\\), and there is a proof of \\(0=1\\) from \\(I\\Sigma_ r\\) in N whose G\u00f6del number is less than \\(2^{2^ n}.\\)    A similar result with a sharper bound for the size of the inconsistency proof was given by \\textit{J. Kraji\u010dek} and \\textit{P. Pudlak} [Arch. Math. Logic 28, No.2, 91-98 (1989)]. Solovay's paper is self-contained and gives a detailed proof involving finite two player games \\(G(n,\\phi)\\) which, for a suitably chosen self-referential formula \\(\\phi\\), provide, under the assumptions of the above result, construction of the desired model N.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5899768$00774A9D-75E8-40C8-A843-99F588E84E0E","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"cc2fe705c7d582d4c8ad19b50ec74a3e6e0c8ae1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":384285,"id":"Q384285"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5899768$FE941B02-B145-4A02-BE30-0D8D2BAD02F0","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"a22eb1f642cbb79777784e33676c61b720925aab","datavalue":{"value":"03H15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5899768$A9A36D34-F464-4586-BC90-AF25746ABA6F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"31eb4b2fe460225d8220386b6d12b964cafd1ca3","datavalue":{"value":"03C62","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5899768$6A85B523-AEED-4104-9B3D-01E3CA27D9AE","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"ee6f7ef1d8be78dfa85d3450fe16f50fe86ba74b","datavalue":{"value":"4143976","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5899768$1822D1E1-AD48-436F-8434-5CC1F9B809F9","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7090cb2b2cefa03cee6b50a67ca057c086ad0f00","datavalue":{"value":"Peano arithmetic","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5899768$0B4DA2C7-6F70-4ADE-ACE1-BA5F9E6CBC2B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4881b59035d29df92f521fb7f6c93516b972baeb","datavalue":{"value":"models of arithmetic","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5899768$B274628F-3F5F-485B-BE10-B0C10FB9C4B4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7e04183e937d39c8f73a58e372a7f2c1d080846b","datavalue":{"value":"nonstandard model","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5899768$05DFAE42-F095-48AB-951E-C4BCBC9A813D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f7d7b041a891b4b73db38069702295154f909429","datavalue":{"value":"initial segment","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5899768$6ED88FC7-71F1-4F57-882C-AF92B77EAF3A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"87dd55c46f28e025f7f537ba4ca1b1f3e1ba66f7","datavalue":{"value":"inconsistency","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5899768$25F19D7D-5B9E-4F4E-89B1-7984C98E46EA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"06c6dcbcc86bc761785dde1cbe0869c0ecd628ce","datavalue":{"value":"finite two player games","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5899768$18EA8EB6-867F-43B9-B10F-DC44B7A5074A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"046bea8f96d5396bc79416c250e33bbb3e656a17","datavalue":{"value":"self-referential formula","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5899768$7FE81B34-C9EE-41BB-87F7-A13278654D01","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5899768$B6E8CCB5-9625-44A5-98A1-425600BB4BA2","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"0780f87a8d975e0ac19ce3eb74567061f6a0b9bb","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-0072(89)90048-1","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5899768$E5CAFC15-D990-4455-B9C4-6BCB24F10297","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"48cc4a4cbf1a8d09314c8d074a3ca1efcafafe2a","datavalue":{"value":"W2078412479","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5899768$7BA371A4-70BA-4850-A011-9B3247534E1E","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"404691463a62cf2bb99f8c1e5edb49f1ffbd9462","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5916455,"id":"Q5916455"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1f5bad60f5d71e07f84653e70422d32de406082f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+1.0","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5899768$78312D37-0A52-4987-97B8-324DB8EDEA2C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"01efd2c6e2cc8d68b07b959d10df7789f7d0e49d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5929103,"id":"Q5929103"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a1ec59365d8445ead30c099cb461323b56b05583","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8330358","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5899768$064F38B1-9314-4D66-A00C-554BD1C11C7C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0d40904fd1172e55e6e591490e456f222ed7496d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2847846,"id":"Q2847846"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"30696b0ada99a4ea15f3a1905537d54c76ed5349","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8043582","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5899768$D6CCAA67-BD95-48F1-BB4F-2B1ADE91CB59","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"72cf7464cfc298aaf1ed842860ded6ab207f8a13","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3112296,"id":"Q3112296"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a6957eafd7daa773dfe6249d155450ab3f73dbd2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7956743","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5899768$3A384ECC-7EC4-4795-9FBF-DB0E0DFCA49C","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Injecting inconsistencies into models of PA (scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4143976)","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Injecting_inconsistencies_into_models_of_PA_(scientific_article;_zbMATH_DE_number_4143976)"}}}}}