{"entities":{"Q5903218":{"pageid":8013436,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q5903218","lastrevid":48968620,"modified":"2026-01-06T08:51:19Z","type":"item","id":"Q5903218","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Symplectic modules"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3966454"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$DC3D8413-C88C-4839-8DC8-412BF0D1FA9C","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"1b3b5b989e2e1b213932d91396b90bbb85ffe750","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Symplectic modules","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$C75AA2ED-ECC4-4AF7-8B76-8B8CCFCD9F36","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"efd01067f318b7825d380e74740dffb3420c1a08","datavalue":{"value":"0599.20086","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$CA04BC2F-2374-407F-B54F-BC20C6D0C148","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"8acfbfbb6bf61e2b00fda3526105681a9803ef55","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF02764956","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$905A8254-21B9-4CCF-8387-7F28B648A592","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"731e575764353ed8bef439c8cc67dae6fe178959","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":593313,"id":"Q593313"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$BADE05EF-469E-4571-AD00-3F52B8002815","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d44c84251d1a97cbb8f5411468c9918f06e7ab5d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6481961,"id":"Q6481961"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$B35CA4F2-4B82-4170-B1B6-97A5BF06622C","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"1d50f9b953eac0b2404563f86ad398ee3823cb48","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":173732,"id":"Q173732"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$1DAD590A-FFF1-4B35-B2EC-996E2A0DAD6B","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"63df7153432d81fa42019fcabb076c89649b0b5b","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1986-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$A0D08A44-C453-4EF7-AB59-BF0480A6549F","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"d7ba2fbb5d8a29637f648793b1915dca983c5586","datavalue":{"value":"A duality on the finite Abelian groups A, B is a bilinear mapping (, ) of \\(A\\times B\\) into \\({\\mathbb{Q}}/{\\mathbb{Z}}\\), such that no non-zero element of A or B is orthogonal to the whole of the other group. Given A, there exist groups B for which a duality exists and there is a natural isomorphism between any two such B; further they are isomorphic to A. If P is a subgroup of A and \\(P^{\\perp}\\) is the orthogonal subgroup of B, there is a duality on A/P and \\(P^{\\perp}\\), so \\(| P| | P^{\\perp}| =| A|\\) and \\(P^{\\perp \\perp}=P\\). In the case when \\(B=A\\), we say that P is regular if the restriction of (, ) to \\(P\\times P\\) is a duality; in this case \\(A=P\\oplus P^{\\perp}\\). The Sylow subgroups of A are regular, and the Sylow p-subgroup of a maximal isotropic subgroup of A is maximal isotropic in the Sylow p-subgroup of A.    The present paper is concerned with symplectic modules G, which are Abelian groups on which a skew-symmetric duality is defined, and the aim is the study of maximal isotropic submodules H, which are called Lagrangian; we have \\(| H|^ 2=| G|\\). Also rk \\(H\\leq rk G\\leq 2rk H\\), and this cannot be improved. It is shown (3.3) that any two Lagrangians are extensions of their intersection by isomorphic groups. In 4.1, a symplectic module \\(S_ 1(H)\\) is constructed with given Lagrangian H, and it is shown that any symplectic module is isomorphic as such to \\(S_ 1(H)\\) for some Lagrangian H of it. It follows that if G is a symplectic module, rk G is even. Another description of the Lagrangians is given in 4.2. To deal with the general case we may suppose that G is an Abelian p-group, in view of the above remark. If \\(e_ 1,e_ 1,...,e_ r,e_ r\\) are the invariants of G and \\(f_ 1,...,f_{2r}\\) those of a Lagrangian K, both written in non-increasing order, then \\(f_ 1+f_{2i}\\geq e_ i\\geq f_{2i-1}+f_{2r}\\) for \\(i=1,...,r\\), and this yields a classification of Lagrangians of modules of rank 2 or 4. The symplectic module G is called almost homogeneous if its invariants are \\(e_ 1,e_ 1,e,e,...,e,e\\) where \\(e_ 1\\geq e\\). The main result of {\\S}5 states that if K is a Lagrangian of such a module, then \\(e_ 1\\geq f_ k+f_{2r-k+1}\\geq e\\) for \\(k=1,...,r\\), where \\(f_ 1,...,f_{2r}\\) are the invariants of K. In {\\S}6, a lower bound for the order of an Abelian p- group is given which contains at least one Lagrangian of each symplectic module of order \\(p^{2n}\\). Generators and relations of G in terms of K are given in {\\S}7: G is generated by \\(x_ 1,...,x_{2r}\\) with the relations \\(p^{f_ i}x_ i=0\\) \\((i=1,...,r)\\), \\(p^{f_ i}x_{r+i}=\\sum s_{ij}x_ j\\) \\((i,j=1,...,r)\\), where \\((s_{ij})\\) is a skew-symmetric matrix and \\(| s_{ij}| \\leq \\min (p^{f_ i},p^{f_ j})\\). This yields some necessary conditions for the invariants of Lagrangians of \\(S_ 1(H)\\). In {\\S}8 a second symplectic module \\(S_ 2(H)\\) with given Lagrangian H is constructed, and an application is given. The lower bound of {\\S}6 mentioned above is extended to regular (non-Abelian) p-groups in {\\S}9.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$19425B62-82D9-4638-AE1C-EAE4D2C6CDF0","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e9b5ca6a3bce811e2a3489608b95705717ca7328","datavalue":{"value":"20K01","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$5FC09A5C-2DF9-40F6-9815-CB8A8A911FED","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"a2a08fbf923859623db67d2f25dda13b53d2263b","datavalue":{"value":"20C05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$F5343587-8A8E-47C9-8C71-9E896751F249","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5aff12e0aaa0e845f49257674dee6d6b35fe2903","datavalue":{"value":"15A63","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$F4CA3464-18CF-4119-B341-34303FD505C1","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"ca6ef91cf93057ac37a11c9c00bc62707882b8b9","datavalue":{"value":"3966454","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$EDCFED88-7B15-42F3-83B8-719C0CF8DC49","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"cfa62a3093813c498072aea2362b6c1ec13f6616","datavalue":{"value":"finite Abelian groups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$EC208BF0-73FA-49A6-BC1C-C5A87ABBFED5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8c6ca366f9c90fdcd6c4332ed94fe17cd69c69f3","datavalue":{"value":"bilinear mapping","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$3E414F2C-062E-4EC3-B611-00C9A61CBD2B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3f0c652152d6113e3e517e5e14931565150889d2","datavalue":{"value":"orthogonal subgroup","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$7F202AC8-DBB2-48F1-8237-B7D68CABDDBF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d1ecf978a28e5d1baefdbd10dbc4f102a6158a13","datavalue":{"value":"duality","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$5123D350-4799-40DA-96CD-9E7FE4754076","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3504547fb49827a82a9453261232480fc3d36e08","datavalue":{"value":"Sylow subgroups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$8AC3B5AA-B2BC-4AB3-9E83-E22933194495","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d1fefb0b660ba12a5894bd234bf8f91d644331a5","datavalue":{"value":"maximal isotropic subgroup","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$01A7E29E-9E51-4443-960F-8504DCAD9BEC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"bd97f81acb6c96e25f751a557d43f761fbe99a95","datavalue":{"value":"symplectic modules","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$F1510165-1FB1-4B75-9A03-C4E093C90F34","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"31f8b42611d215ceb74c2fa12cea8184f9003cf1","datavalue":{"value":"skew- symmetric duality","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$5FE3FB90-C3B6-41D3-8E6B-A27B69ACE558","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8f02e294359c2463fd1c47add45a0d6ea5688801","datavalue":{"value":"Lagrangians","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$19CD61B5-562A-4CAC-B7C7-5ED0A1ACBB6B","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"0cec5a7f8d08420699ceacbd5aa9dfbc89777bd4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":801033,"id":"Q801033"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$5C902E41-C07B-4571-A7D4-BDA95109D9A4","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$7C58AD92-E8B2-49F8-A5D4-38C5DD6E1E6B","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c64799b2d73b041d4324b1ea8f82d18cebe884e0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1565213,"id":"Q1565213"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$28F900C5-66EC-4BD5-95C0-8A929AC6612D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5989e7b642a281e076cb0a5451b4d9c25f50f39c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3253828,"id":"Q3253828"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$12B97638-99B9-492A-A358-0A0E8F59E92D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c652221c9f7dc47390f1837ffe312a53f845ac1c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5831393,"id":"Q5831393"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$F3CEEA7A-062B-4BA7-987E-971C3DE98191","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0498a07487134167ded5bec30efc99841b471a54","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1057966,"id":"Q1057966"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$53BB69BF-78A6-4203-A934-26BCCCB895E0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"04e2d0333db551275038e6c4f0dc75ef5880f4bc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2545747,"id":"Q2545747"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$35187F1C-36D8-4835-9450-E7C7ECBCB0DD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3968ec430826deba4b4b0b7dfbea121005f5439f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5800826,"id":"Q5800826"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5903218$B1EB85DE-FFE0-4117-B593-2518B5CC901B","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"381844a1e73678df5e47f09c2a9f660b22bc0c44","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3762483,"id":"Q3762483"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"89e28f06e34e822df775eca6ae50716959eadca3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7745281457901001","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5903218$55A5383F-4E02-4BEE-AA83-DC9CB4F06CEB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"52da124131cc5b779bbdf7783c44eb3a46362b4a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3537398,"id":"Q3537398"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a3a80f60c5dc0e19e268e37af5414043b05d823a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7520998120307922","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5903218$F090CDC0-C9A3-495D-81A2-F6373C8D595C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fb320d302a3f82c642bd322ed1309d1f8c480cb4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3735924,"id":"Q3735924"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"18fc2ff02697906d949c6c9444a7c1033f24663c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7397119998931885","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5903218$83625ABE-006A-432A-8236-077D33947AFD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"11b5f5d3a507f1aacc85e9c3f723351ed4589d23","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1644994,"id":"Q1644994"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"73189d08469e1ae06e7e8e82996215ba2b8783f0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7354459762573242","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5903218$16F6BAB3-7086-4A75-8217-136AB76939D4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7ad6b9b64b63fb8bc9b4c3955f28af6421438b60","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1118695,"id":"Q1118695"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"db611cde7398cc2263038a9b8dc33ffb2137a892","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7348272800445557","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5903218$CC0F5E2E-598A-483B-96FD-58D4F02B605E","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:5903218","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:5903218"}}}}}