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For \\(n\\in\\mathbb{N}\\), let \\(F_n(M)\\) denote the \\(n\\)-th configuration space of \\(M\\). Then the \\(n\\)-string pure braid group of \\(M\\) is \\(P_n(M)=\\pi_1(F_n(M),(x_1,\\dots,x_n))\\).   Fadell and Neuwirth (1962) showed that if \\(M\\) is closed and is neither \\(S^2\\) nor \\(\\mathbb{R} P^2\\), then the following ``pure braid group sequence'' (PBS) is exact:  \\[ 1\\to\\pi_1(M\\setminus\\{x_1,\\dots,x_{n-1}\\},x_n)\\to P_n(M)\\to P_{n-1}(M)\\to 1. \\]  In 1969, Birman showed that if \\(M=T^2\\), then for all \\(n\\geq 2\\), PBS splits, and asked if this is true for any closed orientable surface of genus at least 2. The authors prove that if \\(M\\) is a closed orientable surface of genus at least two, then PBS splits if and only if \\(n=2\\). In fact, they prove the following generalization:   Theorem. Let \\(M\\) be a closed, connected orientable surface of genus at least two, and let \\(n>m\\) be positive integers. Then the following short exact sequence splits if and only if \\(m=1\\):  \\[ 1\\to\\pi_1(F_{n-m}(M\\setminus\\{x_1,\\dots,x_{m}\\},\\{x_{m+1}, \\dots,x_n))\\to P_n(M)\\to P_m(M)\\to 1. \\]  They also have analogous results for non-orientable and noncompact surfaces:   Theorem. Let \\(M\\) be a closed, connected surface different from \\(S^2\\) and \\(\\mathbb{R} P^2\\). Then for all \\(n\\in\\mathbb{N}\\), the following short exact sequence splits:  \\[ 1\\to\\pi_1(F_{n-m}(M\\setminus\\{x_n\\},\\{x_1,\\dots,x_{n-1}))\\to P_n(M)\\to P_1(M)\\to 1. \\]  Theorem. Let \\(M\\) be a closed, connected surface different from \\(S^2\\) and \\(\\mathbb{R} P^2\\), but with a finite, non-zero number of points deleted. Then for all \\(n\\geq 2\\), PBS splits.   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