{"entities":{"Q5916455":{"pageid":8033090,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q5916455","lastrevid":39830125,"modified":"2025-01-27T18:02:29Z","type":"item","id":"Q5916455","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Injecting inconsistencies into models of PA"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4118370"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$4DD3BA5D-F6E3-426A-8026-418911D15DE7","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"9d1d444c59f0e37daeae90dcc34b7719cf9f597e","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Injecting inconsistencies into models of PA","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$F7A9F73C-648A-435E-89F5-FAFEC24B7057","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"3b8f39e6bf814825c04bf0a2fa9cd4d56824b7f9","datavalue":{"value":"0683.03041","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$38EE5659-62C9-4B32-B057-2FF24BB9CB62","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"59f8265bfdd9f2a885c6ba9ba885939a3aeacafd","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0168-0072(89)90048-1","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$EE1CA92B-A7E1-4253-9736-93B9BE7015A1","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"3a1d77722b6fe6caacd97594ec637c99ed191138","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":912093,"id":"Q912093"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$8D6F4EE5-8A16-4DD7-A327-E2914CFB73FB","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"f91a4bcbc93435aed71775d25a4c5cd09e26f12d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":122505,"id":"Q122505"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$F8051C5B-174C-4767-AFF9-1657EEDE6F5E","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"7211ad5ca16eb0d22cd0051fff3d0f3af254ceb6","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1989-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$755E0974-7641-4E3B-A98C-2081915CB0D9","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"2a983dc7e3df0587ee996db33c66cc9f986b9faf","datavalue":{"value":"Paris and Dimitracopoulos have shown that there exist models M and N of PA such that for some nonstandard number n, M and N ``agree up to n'' but do not ``agree up to \\(2^ n\\)''. Solovay's paper presents a variant of this result. The main theorem says that if M is a countable nonstandard model of PA, n nonstandard element of M which is ``much larger'' than r, for a nonstandard r such that \\(M\\vDash Con(I\\Sigma_ r)\\), then there is a model N of PA such that the set of elements of M which are smaller than n is an initial segment of N, \\(N\\vDash Con(I\\Sigma_{r-1})\\), and there is a proof of \\(0=1\\) from \\(I\\Sigma_ r\\) in N whose G\u00f6del number is less than \\(2^{2^ n}\\).   A similar result with a sharper bound for the size of the inconsistency proof was given by \\textit{J. Kraji\u010dek} and \\textit{P. Pudlak} [Arch. Math. Logic 28, No. 2, 91-98 (1989; Zbl 0678.03026)]. Solovay's paper is self-contained and gives a detailed proof involving finite two player games G(n,\\(\\phi)\\) which, for a suitably chosen self-referential formula \\(\\phi\\), provide, under the assumptions of the above result, construction of the desired model N.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$D95C57EF-F809-4AC5-9464-44BB900E3E2E","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"cc2fe705c7d582d4c8ad19b50ec74a3e6e0c8ae1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":384285,"id":"Q384285"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$8AD18F46-E11C-4DE5-9A99-35DBACD7BEEE","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"a22eb1f642cbb79777784e33676c61b720925aab","datavalue":{"value":"03H15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$BE97E49A-8FD4-4B00-BB39-D9B1809B6F03","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"31eb4b2fe460225d8220386b6d12b964cafd1ca3","datavalue":{"value":"03C62","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$F7158B2F-12E9-400F-8F57-F7503138FE42","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"5a818e189ab949581100c519b8019a4ebd2a724f","datavalue":{"value":"4118370","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$8F56E427-A419-4213-89ED-7887FC7B3061","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7090cb2b2cefa03cee6b50a67ca057c086ad0f00","datavalue":{"value":"Peano arithmetic","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$43C07365-955B-4E81-BEB1-FA016AA06424","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4881b59035d29df92f521fb7f6c93516b972baeb","datavalue":{"value":"models of arithmetic","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$3B2844CF-CB6A-411F-8EB8-57B72147F83B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7e04183e937d39c8f73a58e372a7f2c1d080846b","datavalue":{"value":"nonstandard model","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$A2B4D449-F95F-4811-A737-B8CBB73D83E6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f7d7b041a891b4b73db38069702295154f909429","datavalue":{"value":"initial segment","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$461A5315-F395-4667-A314-74EF44624ECB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"87dd55c46f28e025f7f537ba4ca1b1f3e1ba66f7","datavalue":{"value":"inconsistency","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$3A4EF776-172B-431A-B506-80EBDAEF2299","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"06c6dcbcc86bc761785dde1cbe0869c0ecd628ce","datavalue":{"value":"finite two player games","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$596EC47D-2382-4FB8-909C-85473BB0780B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"046bea8f96d5396bc79416c250e33bbb3e656a17","datavalue":{"value":"self-referential formula","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$FCE4B589-7570-4386-9211-86B193EFAA7E","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$53987DFC-50F3-42A1-90EA-222E247C1A86","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"0780f87a8d975e0ac19ce3eb74567061f6a0b9bb","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-0072(89)90048-1","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$CB746AD2-533A-4BC2-89F0-812E2A7B3637","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"48cc4a4cbf1a8d09314c8d074a3ca1efcafafe2a","datavalue":{"value":"W2078412479","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$4B99F926-1C31-428C-9BBE-AFAA51841B4D","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"957892286a77298fd7faca30f1f60dbb53f94696","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1054720,"id":"Q1054720"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$0C2056FE-8065-424C-B162-43A84089AC8A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ba3201fd87b10dcaad90a5c61d1131eeb35d0b38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3714076,"id":"Q3714076"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$A632208B-8443-4121-A7F3-36B45FA2AB3B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3f40bcaa8d311e4db512eab174f3dec9cd00f54c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5537599,"id":"Q5537599"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$B1831E7D-A53F-4B23-B767-4E4F6E56C98E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6acc84c64e46319842ef17497b61b468633b165c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5622168,"id":"Q5622168"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$62A49C37-F46E-473F-A8B5-E9B38CB556E3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e527993cecc5c707944b647499a6c43b50acd64a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5582327,"id":"Q5582327"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5916455$8539BB19-7D43-4482-B6E1-1E568B302B6C","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ef0b705cc92c6d6c3c5731247d976f592c0db502","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5899768,"id":"Q5899768"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9fa0e9ba7aec55f98975c547d2bf7e16fa401a51","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.98185164","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5916455$9DA543E4-0F18-4E70-944C-18F5F638A609","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b7596894d88ec46ce3a873e8dab13a4b5ab8082a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1123890,"id":"Q1123890"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"39574b7f458643ccc7724c015b3a7a8e7f86456f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7942883","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5916455$3A839D8B-4C1D-446A-921A-6F7781F52FF4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0683dd32b81d514eac133d596777b75b936d7b29","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4295207,"id":"Q4295207"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3e2721f7fefda5741a1d442c2926ecbcccf315c0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7286227","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5916455$D2A11ECF-1F14-427F-82E7-26DD61666525","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"861950e91841ef2b2522bfae61d53b37273928bd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3791136,"id":"Q3791136"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5cea9afac30a68bcd1caf92520ff927744faca1a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7248749","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5916455$3EDF8504-F228-47D0-B92F-50DBFCF29C78","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"714e8d6d6af0411f8f489b31d23b30683ca1188c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3701406,"id":"Q3701406"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f5d9b796abddaa0cf2eed244d99fb83e6220c144","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.71983665","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5916455$9517B1D4-7C88-4E33-89E5-128B3A725CE3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"aa456e959bdd919c56874f08e3364d648173a717","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3714076,"id":"Q3714076"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d361dc7aa5f668c4065b4551c0b86ec31d0ef677","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7090944","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5916455$BAFBCEA4-582C-4E5F-953F-86E102F7B23A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"11dafe77ee70e75a4e9f6f514dcde844ec327cb0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3542061,"id":"Q3542061"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a8dedfb9259443643db4022d9591790197956c3e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6997001","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5916455$7D14A40C-81B7-42DA-94EC-15554D598239","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3fdcdef4c5039a393a5aaa497f1fb9f71b14dfd0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4299260,"id":"Q4299260"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"64a2d65aa5053f4d13627ce21c422e8678bd7fb8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6983235","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5916455$3F1BD30B-E353-4396-A264-4EF71E587680","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bf9bfe080ee8aeea9e0102cec304ff02539ef9ed","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5477364,"id":"Q5477364"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bd2154b8e31d6aaec96343c4e4a93420aa584a36","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6953212","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5916455$9EF2B708-1532-4BA3-B1DC-B341D1B64B15","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5ee5d2bcb69af8bdd308fce4019ddfbf986dc4da","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5251370,"id":"Q5251370"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"303508272d1918a00cb136e26f1357c6d31365df","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.69067377","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5916455$33451152-30C8-4A4A-9B8F-2A52A0A9850C","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:5916455","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:5916455"}}}}}