{"entities":{"Q5935152":{"pageid":8111954,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q5935152","lastrevid":58613676,"modified":"2026-04-06T00:29:05Z","type":"item","id":"Q5935152","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Phase transitions in ``small'' systems -- a challenge for thermodynamics"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1608286"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935152$B2F32E70-B66D-41D6-91EF-C38EDCDA2E57","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"38fa194016b0d94b8e98f500f6b9f59f0b196e69","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Phase transitions in ``small'' systems -- a challenge for thermodynamics","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935152$41D9F871-246B-4932-9955-4D850C2F68E3","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"3e4c10cce091dd21a9bce62f7488abf378ef0aa0","datavalue":{"value":"0974.82018","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935152$8CE4E9E9-48B4-4805-B711-D75382917748","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"0db8fd419cc2cf97e40b36fead3d0828ec5556c3","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/S0375-9474(00)00540-6","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935152$A4C48CED-C8C9-4EC8-AD93-09921A2DB9F4","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"efd2591489faece9c9056d67ee4f7b1367be757f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":184000,"id":"Q184000"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935152$655CB587-3E8E-4EFD-9898-CFFE1EF096FF","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"3ddd1e6eb0e4492321ef1b883db0c636b3f46e13","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":179735,"id":"Q179735"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935152$4FFE8409-23EC-49D9-847C-C65CAF22AF00","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"7a218de78a51cc8f17e10e3288b27dcc6692fe3d","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2001-06-20T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935152$76859F0A-83FF-4B5C-B579-2D09A875FAC1","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"3523ff7f91d1bafaa53b8082ff3dddc5de390063","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0006087","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935152$F4623AEC-15F2-43BD-8F77-F3B5A581CECC","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"0ddfb3ef8d0652ec665b5b8e2599d1c65b688fe0","datavalue":{"value":"Traditionally, phase transitions are defined in the thermodynamic limit only. We propose a new formulation of equilibrium thermo-dynamics that is based entirely on mechanics and reflects just the geometry and topology of the \\(N\\)-body phase-space as function of the conserved quantities, energy, particle number and others. This allows to define thermo-statistics without the use of the thermodynamic limit, to apply it to ``Small'' systems as well and to define phase transitions unambiguously also there. ``Small'' systems are systems where the linear dimension is of the characteristic range of the interaction between the particles. Also astrophysical systems are ``Small'' in this sense. Boltzmann defines the entropy as the logarithm of the area \\(W(E,N) = e^{S(E,N)}\\) of the surface in the mechanical \\(N\\)-body phase space at total energy \\(E\\). The topology of \\(S(E,N)\\) or more precisely, of the curvature determinant \\(D(E,N) =\\partial^2S/\\partial E^2 * \\partial^2S/\\partial N^2 - (\\partial^2S/\\partial E\\partial N)^2\\) allows the classification of phase transitions without taking the thermodynamic limit. The topology gives further a simple and transparent definition of the order parameter. Attention: Boltzmann's entropy \\(S(E)\\) as defined here is different from the information entropy and can even be non-extensive and convex.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935152$1A7EE27B-84C2-4B5C-A2E1-35718468FD7F","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"6270beb3f138de18bcf9496281086bec933669ba","datavalue":{"value":"82B26","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935152$CCDAD49E-B66C-4BB0-9F00-18C34D59772D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ead19d9d51e1a188e8141ea0cf6fa67eb184fca2","datavalue":{"value":"82B30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935152$E91C8178-C1A0-4EDA-9996-98EDF64DE902","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"06d54ec7ccde8106b71de7fafa0a4c4a339e39e0","datavalue":{"value":"1608286","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935152$6BABFD75-AB23-4FDC-9581-00C632611196","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"38be9a16711ed1f1a0b2121f08bc8dad643510df","datavalue":{"value":"\\(N\\)-body phase-space","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935152$0EFCED2D-3407-404B-B9BA-4A77FD8992BD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a4a6a5c2454ac97ab3dd2f94dd32aa7823872ad6","datavalue":{"value":"conserved quantities","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935152$8F949A33-70A2-4493-8D95-CAFDA7C026A2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2954298244e95e6263ba68cdd9832bfe1e9d4cfc","datavalue":{"value":"equilibrium thermodynamics","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935152$6CFBD6E3-AC2B-42AD-9CBF-8FA88B4284CA","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935152$A7ACE30B-14FB-4FC0-83F1-4D6B9E0BDCC9","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f2a661fd62e9c847bb04cf5f13f5f46b853e0a40","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4955635,"id":"Q4955635"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"88857920118eb0ab24206ca8600bd5519bf94d6a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9356546","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5935152$36CC1718-71FC-4791-8275-AB449524A6CD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c1d85867778478170d244232475d7967c7d5a3bd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2425660,"id":"Q2425660"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"40f71648f71d989319159b9d9b2786cb0d150f22","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8679962","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5935152$8CD4C05E-3D9E-4665-907D-6E0486C3C91F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6ce2ff84f882342b1cf5d985b820a48807618645","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4390953,"id":"Q4390953"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7451ff87b7a590df65d222b1cd7ee3b0043d6ecd","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8634449","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5935152$AB281AF8-BD36-41BA-A5F1-D6CFB5915D7D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8b4f5ba3b8ad4636f7f3862d69cb6bd953e6be86","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4648985,"id":"Q4648985"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8b2a7f50059fc43103372a64577c35a9b4f58f46","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.85975","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5935152$8DA27127-538C-4142-A13F-A711FD2B0D53","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f5e3df80a91de3e1d69b0d7253eb45103d7fdf86","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2722922,"id":"Q2722922"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d03f519bb6e1196b4824b1f705aa38d2c07652dc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8542535","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5935152$8B2AC524-CA6A-4C2B-9A56-290AF35D9AAD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"547bd765e30547dffe3d6f1d10f6dacee3f03899","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5118770,"id":"Q5118770"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d328ce27bf0637db91c696452259c0a3ce261048","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.85306233","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5935152$84B87BA4-492C-4657-840C-A1B287643D6C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"25e037a36d3973873b8aa24cad69d2b485ed6c67","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5417163,"id":"Q5417163"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"01712e8cb40bd09d7e7ea35b1b115c15c03647ba","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8474417","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5935152$5B38ACD6-548F-41C5-B5FC-FCD3914992FA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9083063d7bba8dda31d909f139a13101fe825694","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1366326,"id":"Q1366326"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"eb8c524bb3e095e3c465d27dae01c50a58f4f4f4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.84677625","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5935152$516BC718-7138-4646-93EC-24773DC4EA29","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a91aee382533159288bec1478e113dae08820a71","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2669293,"id":"Q2669293"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"412d891b3c87404e2ebba4ef0192b912d407652e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8448498","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5935152$8DEF64FE-661D-4ECD-A2DC-A0DF175EB83C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f084097910c6c34e639eaca4cf408a38e91eb21f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2832860,"id":"Q2832860"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"60bf7337a1ada0a36bd5fbe92b1489b5be2e4ff7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8447281","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5935152$8401F1AE-5247-4B90-BB61-A4E94D304A0E","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:5935152","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:5935152"}}}}}