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Any function \\(f\\circ \\lambda :M^n\\rightarrow [-\\infty ,\\infty]\\) corresponding to a function invariant under permutation of its argument components \\(f:\\mathbb{C}^n\\rightarrow [-\\infty ,\\infty]\\) is called a spectral function (or also, an eigenvalue function).    The spectral function \\(f \\circ \\lambda \\) corresponding to a continuous function \\(f:\\mathbb{C}^n\\rightarrow [-\\infty ,\\infty]\\) is a function continuous on \\(M^n\\) regarded as Euclidean space with the real inner product defined by \\(\\langle X,Y \\rangle = \\operatorname{Re}\\sum_{r,s}\\bar{x}_{rs}y_{rs}\\). The spectral abscissa \\(\\alpha :M^n\\rightarrow [-\\infty ,\\infty]\\), \\(\\alpha (X)=\\max\\operatorname{Re}\\lambda_r(X)\\) and the spectral radius \\(\\rho :M^n\\rightarrow [-\\infty ,\\infty]\\), \\(\\rho (X)=\\max|\\lambda_r(X)|\\) are continuous spectral functions, but they are neither convex nor Lipschitz on \\(M^n\\). The variational properties of spectral functions are analysed by using the notion of subgradient, extensively presented by \\textit{R. T. Rockafellar} and \\textit{R. J.-B. Wets} [Variational analysis, Springer-Verlag, New York (1998; Zbl 0888.49001)].    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