{"entities":{"Q5935716":{"pageid":8112518,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q5935716","lastrevid":58629528,"modified":"2026-04-06T02:15:48Z","type":"item","id":"Q5935716","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Similarity problems and length"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1610926"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935716$C3AD761C-8AA7-4FB8-A4E7-92E02CBF0383","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"192809ce2f721ef14e3fe0135089dcf77b5c6c33","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Similarity problems and length","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935716$31A2A1B5-819B-46E2-A705-2C8A1C388798","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"a7b4e916a4652b5b3c67cf4d724b60fbab9ed72c","datavalue":{"value":"0999.46025","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935716$55E2C517-A847-4FD8-B78C-EF43CE5E1F94","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"ecf5e1199abaec143b7e4a27a6a7d81237a7beb9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":166424,"id":"Q166424"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935716$3A5E1DFB-997F-4FF1-997C-2158064CB218","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"fc770cd89d4fae0e8d7b267c7a43d9a33ef28782","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168175,"id":"Q168175"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935716$66216E67-EE9D-400A-A633-3023C62A8317","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"54398e0bde44a65d9fdb144ae2fdcc29e53d998c","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2002-11-25T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935716$C7D08E01-08CF-423B-9CF6-4BB0FCA717DC","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"50b16549b85297553515bf231c1b1ffa75c468f7","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0005077","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935716$3E2BB3D8-B203-4D8C-8347-365FAEAF5AF7","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"f190bb4ac5e5381f3b9e9252db10d22d0fe4d14f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":201451,"id":"Q201451"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935716$F4B0D00D-F1D6-48C4-8B70-9589CB91A155","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"27b540aa20d39243896837fe77f90bc66b673569","datavalue":{"value":"46L07","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935716$169242AA-CB20-4281-BB27-46531797C2E6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4d289c67bbfeb9dfa980a6e1ef83eed1ad27879a","datavalue":{"value":"47L55","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935716$BFE272F6-9646-4267-866F-66C672B09E1A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4a38106f89513e3331228ea8071c7a3d33c23d92","datavalue":{"value":"47A65","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935716$7B239ADE-1B1C-44D4-B9D9-51BC73AE2FAE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"8b4ede1480c93a5908eb32c17fc8978cd6f0bf9d","datavalue":{"value":"47D99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935716$8C339741-04F0-423F-A44F-934C5E13350E","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"72c7ff988ac4056637ed20b8949bb4f3be8cc119","datavalue":{"value":"1610926","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935716$4F80A2C5-387A-4A8E-90EB-D56F37801565","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"faa62a515ac244e9ab9a3aade8581fa98d45f1fc","datavalue":{"value":"similarity problem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935716$F36765A8-E6A2-4A40-9DF4-E8472E549DF7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"869bb2a09cdebbe681ff277500eccedd8b5a7768","datavalue":{"value":"completely bounded map","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935716$0061A231-33C5-4A46-811E-990BF5D646E8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4aa90b1ff0982ab5d5fab48275d3f9dc7c1839ee","datavalue":{"value":"length","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935716$E28A2765-F0A6-443A-874D-C8610D2E0C8A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fa058807e98c1f4bf911c81a4cdb910788f4372c","datavalue":{"value":"Kadison's conjecture","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935716$641B6CA5-1628-41D4-8756-2E21CBE7AFA3","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935716$3F4B85F4-88DD-4E00-8D5C-4846862BE406","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"0669925a346fd151db28254ed2803f2bebd714d4","datavalue":{"value":"W2951877003","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935716$F5B3BEE6-1E05-4F8C-AA3C-187C295BBCAC","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"ab7b3990bcd497f2485c3f00ae3bfa94265f50f3","datavalue":{"value":"10.11650/TWJM/1500574885","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935716$B3BA8211-E001-451D-BBCF-3794555CB06A","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"cf6a14c1ec91f6a1a30a996a33632454ce48b462","datavalue":{"value":"This paper is a survey on the author's recent results on \\textit{R. V. Kadison}'s conjecture in Am. J. Math. 77, 600-620 (1955; Zbl 0064.36605)]. The problem is the following: NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINELet \\(A\\) be any unital \\(C^*\\)-algebra, and \\(u: A \\mapsto B(H)\\) (\\(H\\): Hilbert) any bounded unital homomorphism; does it exists an invertible element \\(T \\in B(H)\\) such that: \\(u_T: a \\mapsto T^{-1}u(a)T\\) is a \\(\\star \\)-homomorphism,\\ i.e. \\(u\\) is similar to a \\(\\star\\)-homomorphism? NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThis problem has been solved in a certain number of cases but it stands still for the general situation. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE\\textit{U. Haagerup} [Ann. Math., II. Ser. 118, 215-240 (1983; Zbl 0543.46033)], proved that \\(u\\) is similar to a \\(\\star\\)-homorphism if and only if \\(u\\) is completely bounded (cb), which by definition means that the sequence \\(( u \\otimes I_n)_{n \\in {\\mathbb N}} \\) is norm bounded where \\(I_n\\) is the identity map of \\(M_n(\\mathbb C)\\), and \\(\\|u\\|_{cb}\\) \\((= \\{ \\sup \\|u \\otimes I_n \\|\\)) is also equal to \\(\\inf \\{\\|T^{-1} \\|.\\|T \\|, u_T\\) is a \\(\\star\\)-homomorphism\\}. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEAn extension of this last theorem has been given by \\textit{V. I. Paulsen} in J. Funct. Anal. 55, 1-17 (1984; Zbl 0557.46035), when \\(A\\) is any unital operator algebra (i.e. any closed unital subalgebra of some \\(B(\\mathcal H)\\)). So G. Pisier gives a generalization, namely (SP), of Kadison's problem: NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEFor any operator algebra \\(A\\) and any bounded homomorphism \\(u: A \\mapsto B(H)\\) (\\(H\\) an arbitrary Hilbert space), is \\(u\\) cb? This last conjecture is false as the author gives a counter-example using the disc algebra \\(A(\\mathbb D)\\), which is the completion of the set of numerical polynomials \\(P\\) for the norm \\(\\|P \\|_\\infty = \\sup \\{|P(z)|\\;|z \\in \\partial(\\mathbb D) \\}\\). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEG. Pisier gives a tight relation between (SP) and a notion of length for operator algebras. By theorem 5, a unital operator algebra satisfies (SP) if and only if there exist \\(d \\in \\mathbb N,K \\in \\mathbb R^+\\), such that \\(\\forall n \\in \\mathbb N\\), \\(\\forall x \\in M_n(A)\\) (the \\(n \\times n\\) matrices with entries in \\(A\\)), there exist a natural number \\(N(n,x)\\), and scalar matrices: \\(\\alpha_0 \\in M_{nN}(\\mathbb C)\\) (rectangular matrices), \\( \\alpha_1,\\dots,\\alpha_{d-1} \\in M_n(\\mathbb C),\\;\\alpha_d \\in M_{Nn}(\\mathbb C)\\), together with diagonal matrices \\(D_1,\\dots,D_d\\) in \\(M_N(A)\\) satisfying: NEWLINE\\[NEWLINEx = \\alpha_0D_1\\alpha_1D_1\\dots D_d\\alpha_d,\\tag{1} NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE\\prod_0^d \\|\\alpha_i \\|\\prod_1^d \\|D_i \\|\\leq K \\|x \\|.\\tag{2}NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE Moreover, If one denotes by \\(l(A)\\) the smallest integer \\(d\\) for which this holds, one has: \\(l(A) = \\inf \\{\\alpha \\mid \\exists C, \\forall u\\) unital homomorphism \\(A \\mapsto B(H),\\) \\(\\|u\\|_{cb} \\leq C\\|u\\|^{\\alpha }\\},\\) and this last extremum is actually a minimum. Then giving explicit values for their length, the author recovers the known examples for which (SP) is true. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEUsing the length condition, Proposition 9 says that initial Kadison's conjecture is always true if and only if there exists a universal constant \\(d_0\\) such that any unital \\(C^*\\)-algebra has a length less or equal to \\(d_0\\). To end the survey, the author proves that this last universal condition is not true for its generalization to (non-self-adjoint) operator algebras. In fact, for any natural number \\(d\\) there exists an operator algebra \\(A_d\\) such that \\(l(A_d) = d\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5935716$D56EC5DB-40A1-4BBB-8E9E-D3D8F560DD1D","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"357efd8a974d6ff61e06bb519ade16955530a129","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1412943,"id":"Q1412943"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4a8f26cd00b0f18d24e18c63badb4a7958e1f451","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8976320028305054","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5935716$9729FB1A-93A6-458C-894F-7392611BE49A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"895875f7adb08f519ea17546bfdc39a29b020e52","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5490310,"id":"Q5490310"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c2bb2b0c067b863f9128bb2031929fd24220d35b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8368251919746399","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5935716$6ECA14B6-07A9-4F3B-960C-9646F728AD5F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8ab893fb7757eba6a149b1fba15b4718cc4715c5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5927733,"id":"Q5927733"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"14abf8eeab3cd5d804c9829bdc05d723dc80f2ae","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8128210306167603","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5935716$037C9164-F847-407C-8C95-5BB6B500F4F5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bf9062b2f6746929dfe71cec45c145fe6358673e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1568199,"id":"Q1568199"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"352477b911f5452d9b910148c9d496dd3a33340c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8121055364608765","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5935716$BF37B085-50FE-4B19-9022-9177EE9F06A9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1e66f48ee42284ae974f45f9627e17cc7d02e9aa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3842451,"id":"Q3842451"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4803093fb5fcdcf2342b85883ac086818af14042","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.797048807144165","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5935716$4BDFCC3E-A472-4C33-981B-61AD9CD532B6","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:5935716","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:5935716"}}}}}