{"entities":{"Q5936090":{"pageid":8112892,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q5936090","lastrevid":47630788,"modified":"2026-01-02T06:37:16Z","type":"item","id":"Q5936090","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Trades and graphs"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1612984"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5936090$A2091CD6-F5CC-4456-94DA-724B5C909633","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"1f9d219c31f5b87a3afd53205cfec2eff308f6a8","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Trades and graphs","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5936090$70949735-93CF-4D47-BADC-B8B89AAB5664","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"f93d9155b2ffa7ea13318483473991445c676cef","datavalue":{"value":"0979.05086","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5936090$26D44BC0-7036-4CFE-B0AF-C32A60BB11D5","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"efe75bc0c366f6e1f1fb2ff6f3906114378631bd","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/PL00007238","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5936090$79F41048-6BEC-48F3-8568-9265B3CBDDC5","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"19ee6a6e7a7eb3dcc16ca8a0114f278a3773661a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":186267,"id":"Q186267"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5936090$B5E5A339-5112-4FB7-8C37-C88544E2B76B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"172e005e87f362589393a09ab1cf0a7c62b730c1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":186268,"id":"Q186268"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5936090$F77770A2-588B-434A-B28A-3D359F1CBCBF","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"62093226388c211ee4d5286124caf1fbc8b86437","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":185060,"id":"Q185060"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5936090$10ED0D53-6AFE-4531-9737-9E7D77DCA621","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"63e1d7063ecd638677848b844accef77290c7ea4","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2002-02-17T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5936090$5842FBAD-0627-4FCA-A6A3-CB55F1EE016F","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"52191ba3eeca93c50b4db089c2df1ba4b65ce016","datavalue":{"value":"The trade spectrum \\(\\text{TS}(G)\\) of a simple graph \\(G\\) is defined to be the set of all \\(t\\) for which it is possible to assemble together \\(t\\) copies of \\(G\\) into a simple graph \\(H\\), and then disassemble \\(H\\) into \\(t\\) entirely different copies of \\(G\\). The complement of \\(\\text{TS}(G)\\), \\(X(G)\\), is called the set of forbidden trade volumes for \\(G\\). Trade spectra of graphs have applications to intersection problems and defining sets, which in turn have important applications in secret sharing schemes and shared security systems. In this paper the authors investigate the set \\(X(G)\\) for various graphs \\(G\\). In particular they give many families of graphs in which \\(X(G) = \\{1\\}\\) or \\(X(G) = \\{1,2\\}\\). They note that a classification of those graphs \\(G\\) for which \\(2 \\in \\text{TS}(G)\\) is a challenging problem. The tools developed in this paper could be used to determine \\(\\text{TS}(G)\\) for many infinite families of graphs besides the ones explicitly mentioned in the paper.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5936090$5C1A4871-0C23-413B-B000-D733741F3B85","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"27fdbe8a4d1d20711d709896b961d73094143735","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":819931,"id":"Q819931"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5936090$93EFEDD1-B207-4F67-897C-4F41598C5925","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"625e55f1f2a96178239720bc1bbbe7ad21cf0a75","datavalue":{"value":"05C70","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5936090$83213EA7-C8BE-4975-B461-0D8C92F92E7F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0777d7ff21c1f44314f8092c977cf5f02a5fe09c","datavalue":{"value":"05B05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5936090$FC090B11-D1FB-4D6C-8BF4-327BBE094B0B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"2fd5ba61c492f09082ae88370fa92e256be14e94","datavalue":{"value":"05C75","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5936090$2BC73A8B-30D1-4B56-BE41-D904F48CA994","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"99992ce2f02023c5fcd682d5aa76d603e57b09df","datavalue":{"value":"1612984","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5936090$FB42AFF8-1E56-4570-9427-B89312656215","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ca94e227be18a4abbb87357eeb567e1b94eccb19","datavalue":{"value":"\\(G\\)-trade","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5936090$5BDF81C6-5B5D-4040-A324-826C45EBB287","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c8670e526b865eda07caabf6bbee3ac4e13f2462","datavalue":{"value":"\\(G\\)-design","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5936090$881AC4C7-B50A-4ECB-B706-61C1C1D00BF2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e85c6ea8220e137960d352ca7bc5f31d1d34db63","datavalue":{"value":"defining set","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5936090$723C50F9-46DA-45B8-B941-B42B281C2065","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5cc9d730b6554ecf8c909ae9edcd1aab11dd7c5c","datavalue":{"value":"trade spectrum","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5936090$4AD67795-5458-4FE8-9ABD-AE93A74417A7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ce25132ba1ee2e0aca3d8c60601db92c567e4c73","datavalue":{"value":"forbidden trade volumes","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5936090$DFCFD876-1396-4260-91F7-FD538B2EB0C5","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5936090$86E369B8-1481-4EA0-8684-E6A6893C7E97","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"1024a25592be3bc176efb0f6faffa34e5479f8ff","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/pl00007238","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5936090$63322C69-F8BD-4D96-A4F9-96B5651D9FB0","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"04f49bfdbec8940277bf041dfe543f83a26fa07c","datavalue":{"value":"W2026504120","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5936090$575D990D-CC5C-46B6-8712-4B1DB74B882F","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8abf1d975f3e41f59cda2e688603c039766e0b41","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1613432,"id":"Q1613432"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"05533d8c468b86820e9b974a6a7beee10241d4d2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8529951572418213","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5936090$07E00860-63CA-4706-B095-CA6B20C8ED9A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bef9affedcf24e265e1c11ce6be23db309eb6fb6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2494114,"id":"Q2494114"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"769d5759d81d571a06a68dd60c1c445dbd1731f7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8171677589416504","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5936090$C3FEA581-6F86-4A07-89D3-1330C440307E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2d80cf011bdbcea9fcd55aa54363ee4fcc0e41b8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4514225,"id":"Q4514225"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1730a0bd7d27f01d0e5f5cf6eca6c18611c7bd06","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7954450845718384","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5936090$7064EBFD-52E8-4C0D-85C4-40680F317071","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0c2444258e9d1dec90e8c91ee36d0e501e8766a4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":704284,"id":"Q704284"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"250bdddb4d9181df52721cfd74857ffb956163d1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7952603101730347","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5936090$6DC808A3-EBF6-4F1A-A89F-312C583C6DC0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d400ed78e063e7df3920097fa71736851293fd55","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2427174,"id":"Q2427174"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3d4cf7a17dadf01c91c7851f5bf928cf270522db","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7908380031585693","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5936090$523D7631-9509-4285-8867-8616D25D9AEC","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:5936090","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:5936090"}}}}}