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Here  \\[  g_{\\ast }(f)^{2}(x)=2\\int_{\\mathbb R_+^{n+1}}t|\\nabla (f\\ast Q_{t}(y)|^{2}Q_{t}(x-y)\\,dy\\,dt \\]  defines the Littlewood-Paley \\(g_{\\ast}\\)-function of \\(f\\), in which \\(Q(y)=\\frac{c_{n}}{(1+|y|^{2})^{(n+1)/2}}\\) and \\( Q_{t}(y)=\\frac{1}{t^{n}}Q(\\frac{y}{t})\\).   The author's new approach is to first prove an `It\u00f4 formula'  \\[ \\begin{aligned} \\varphi \\circ f(x) &=\\varphi (0)+2\\int_{\\mathbb R_{+}^{n+1}}t\\varphi '\\circ (f\\ast Q_{t}(y))\\nabla (f\\ast Q_{t}(y))\\nabla Q_{t}(x-y)\\,dy\\,dt\\\\ &+\\int_{\\mathbb R_{+}^{n+1}}t\\varphi ^{{\\prime \\prime }}\\circ (f\\ast Q_{t}(y))\\nabla (f\\ast Q_{t}(y))Q_{t}(x-y)|\\nabla (f\\ast Q_{t}(y)|^{2}\\,dy\\,dt \\end{aligned} \\]  Here \\(\\varphi :\\mathbb R\\to \\mathbb R\\) is any twice-continuously differentiable function and \\(f\\) is any square-integrable function such that \\(\\nabla (f\\ast Q_{t}(y))\\) is bounded in \\(\\mathbb R_{+}^{n+1}\\). The special case \\(\\varphi (x)=x^{2}\\) yields  \\[ f^{2}=4\\int_{\\mathbb R_{+}^{n+1}}t(f\\ast Q_{t}(y))\\nabla (f\\ast Q_{t}(y))\\nabla Q_{t}(x-y)\\,dy\\,dt+g_{\\ast}^{2}(f)= h(f)+g_{\\ast}^{2}(f). \\]  So, to prove the Littlewood-Paley inequality, it is enough to prove that \\(\\|h(f)\\|_{p/2}\\leq C(n,p)\\|f\\|_{p}^{2}\\). This follows, essentially, from the Coifman-Meyer-Stein tent-space arguments, in fact, with \\(\\|h(f)\\|_{p/2}\\) replaced by the stronger real Hardy space norm. The It\u00f4 formula itself follows from density properties of the area 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