{"entities":{"Q5937589":{"pageid":8114391,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q5937589","lastrevid":40906714,"modified":"2025-04-14T00:15:58Z","type":"item","id":"Q5937589","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Modular gracious labellings of trees"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1619840"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5937589$654D8013-A54C-4915-B205-FAA07D548F9B","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"dd8c6e3b13491a2413c69c2063a39a231f647cb6","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Modular gracious labellings of trees","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5937589$DA3EC4C0-AF68-4971-B5CD-0C99BAF064D9","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"475544d152b567681e31062c5bde1970b752868e","datavalue":{"value":"0977.05119","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5937589$D124E3F4-32B6-4D09-A68B-9DF0216CBB27","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"e9664ab0066afa55670a9445fd29cd04de641e55","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/S0012-365X(00)00318-6","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5937589$2974922A-F4EA-4D14-9D5F-FBBAF040566A","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"c0b2cac5c2c33a0b2c72a8ebfb5d0ce3cd6cee8e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":592488,"id":"Q592488"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5937589$95E4B78E-17E8-4538-8737-DD8A2B6C2C02","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"f522842e9081d3432f400e7ea7b8faea7cdf5d35","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":404386,"id":"Q404386"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5937589$64491186-5746-478D-839D-41C1848DF588","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"0fe4e44a81f66a2f8b7dfec014d36e832a2c77ff","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":189742,"id":"Q189742"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5937589$41DB9B69-CD62-48CE-A9BB-728417901F83","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"38665fe4ed2b835132254a58832c329597060029","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":175483,"id":"Q175483"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5937589$9A53375E-63CA-4DA8-831A-11BC39753852","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"d9e418580f2b70ce6849ba62f9449722e930b0d2","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2002-01-08T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5937589$2DCB0976-0B68-48BD-AFCD-0F1697B5A206","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"19d58a4d4599ce414f6650d6114099bccb872eba","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(T=(V,E)\\) be a tree with \\(q\\) edges. A labeling is a bijection \\(g: V\\rightarrow \\{0,1,\\dots,q\\}\\). Let \\(D\\) and \\(U\\) be a bipartition of \\(V\\) (\\(D\\) is down and \\(U\\) is up). Then for every edge \\(du\\), \\(d\\in D\\), \\(u\\in U\\) the vertex labeling \\(g\\) induces the label \\(g(u)-g(d)\\). The labeling \\(g\\) is gracious if the induced edge labeling is a bijection: \\(E\\rightarrow\\{1,2,\\dots,q\\}\\). The authors conjecture that every tree has a gracious labeling. This conjecture seems to be difficult to prove and the authors propose a related `modulo \\(k\\)' concept of tree labeling, a gracious \\(k\\)-labeling. Let \\(k>1\\) be an integer and let \\(Z_k\\) be the additive group of integer congruence classes modulo \\(k\\). For \\(x\\in Z_k\\) define \\(\\phi_{k,q}(x)\\) to be the number of integers in \\(\\{0,1,\\dots,q\\}\\) belonging to congruence class \\(x\\). Then \\(k\\)-labeling of \\(T\\) is a function \\(f: V\\rightarrow Z_k\\) such that for each \\(x\\in Z_k\\) there are \\(\\phi_{k,q}(x)\\) vertices with the label \\(x\\). The function \\(f\\) is a gracious \\(k\\)-labeling if the induced edge labels are `correctly' distributed over the congruence classes, i.e. there are \\(\\phi_{k,q}(0) -1\\) edges labeled \\(0\\) and for every \\(x\\geq 1\\), \\(x\\in Z_k\\), \\(\\phi_{k,q}(x)\\) edges labeled \\(x\\). It is shown that every non-null tree has a gracious \\(k\\)-labeling for each \\(k=2,3,4,5\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5937589$C9E3BCB5-7BE4-4464-95C2-90D14AC6DD32","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"9e3d3952501a56b01884a83c52d242f796b00637","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":259035,"id":"Q259035"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5937589$F4C3C805-140B-4255-B354-1391CE5B2B85","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5333d0205ccf54f8482367bfadbaa8f4afc5f8fb","datavalue":{"value":"05C78","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5937589$8B55EF5F-44F4-42B2-ADAF-F2367D50C2AF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"d5da87a72c21717089feda882f568938059a9d84","datavalue":{"value":"05C05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5937589$EA57D928-6FC1-48A3-B69C-8CAA1E7928C9","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"bf8ea3071ed39378cefc6d32772715ed21a60322","datavalue":{"value":"1619840","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5937589$4F9A0060-2F6A-4F0B-B135-6EFCBF390D5A","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fdf44ec193f17e1e8bee210d1400a4c1709ae4cd","datavalue":{"value":"gracious labeling","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5937589$008F5748-DDF3-4EED-9F32-EF1E727F59DC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"197d3ead23e754bae996e1b614edc32b447e2ec1","datavalue":{"value":"gracious \\(k\\)-labeling","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5937589$093FB2E7-8053-4643-9278-5E3D66CAEC62","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5937589$8A57505B-85AC-4249-B4F3-9B22BE278D5E","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0746683abb69d7d8a93d0e87407dfb392eb89fd8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3078402,"id":"Q3078402"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1dedebcf560d662abdd75656df80443eb679f476","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.912512","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5937589$FA1DE38B-5211-472F-B6EF-87B0B84CACD9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e07644f3670c53365626177712ad7100de48423e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2990558,"id":"Q2990558"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a1bf892f93f5a43f6c6b52abedd34d88ba8930f3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9048385","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5937589$79E61ED1-DB89-42FF-818C-0D5C24E3807E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1e1649d105237a8a5d6ce5196cc06077cb261e2a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2869417,"id":"Q2869417"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c9371cb3e8ae3c97f9a7050f8ff3746500a65a90","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.90378493","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5937589$46B8BAA8-CA91-4287-AE5B-20AF35387246","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"effd78877b5433b1a41f04289232b53f15664f5f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4636266,"id":"Q4636266"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"faaaa741767530bfd31f878c860de1c6090344a0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.90272504","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5937589$456D2073-0EB6-4160-802F-487B23332017","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"56a2f65d63f286161e6e4b62abdb9e14b6cde5cb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3194223,"id":"Q3194223"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2aa7bec34e8e4058c7eb3a8db11e0565cd5702f9","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8985475","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5937589$02EDE44F-8997-4D29-9792-D80964D09133","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"eb743b3c8040c1674b3cb638aef0955416770ddc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2895359,"id":"Q2895359"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"637a948ca41931f2f8757d5f8605ff4e50a32034","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8878391","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5937589$33E54CA0-F922-4C9F-8FE1-D3C582E61939","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"29b6a0f89a8517ce22a32eb9d3ebc88610d862a4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":897585,"id":"Q897585"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f62858b95768aa8bf5dd4417abfc52eada2b6546","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8766128","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5937589$46EB96C5-0296-4AF7-9CB2-8F23185BDEC6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"dc365223ccd2a527f44853f06b56ea7a40fe199b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4326539,"id":"Q4326539"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c541505324e2cb2e04a63d85da427ccbe0b49b21","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8754516","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5937589$3E308225-6B19-4A74-A816-6829AC43C1F8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"34d6240122d77e5fde65e10222707c334b84f818","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2791983,"id":"Q2791983"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7e2ca1214cac454c86760bfb6324c4bd6e7d5cd3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8745332","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5937589$B04835E9-73EF-4ABA-8281-3528CF441AF4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"843ba2c2ebca3646cbede4519fc1b737ed9f2704","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2718354,"id":"Q2718354"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a3c07bb5e76b6e489603505f727566c0e95e87ef","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8698923","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5937589$750572C3-E788-4B24-B58D-C412FD50DB91","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:5937589","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:5937589"}}}}}