{"entities":{"Q5940919":{"pageid":8117721,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q5940919","lastrevid":47657665,"modified":"2026-01-02T08:49:13Z","type":"item","id":"Q5940919","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Subtractive logic"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1635070"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$BC47FC5D-E795-49C2-88A0-0354142DEDAE","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"10ce85b54e17dedefadea86c777f4b41a198dd67","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Subtractive logic","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$1B8215A4-EC9E-4FC1-8D6C-862F16FA5F4A","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"7c954258008605f42c5b0917b5c1c177a01b2b1c","datavalue":{"value":"0983.03047","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$9C965B65-3A57-42F2-9C86-4399AAF5DF7C","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"2cca99105cb426cf2607a13a7ca5b40ad81a609b","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/S0304-3975(99)00124-3","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$C38EFACF-6F51-4001-9862-C49D2BE51AB6","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"7b19bf96bf438b05a47d5097beb71893c0804485","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":197378,"id":"Q197378"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$07BBB194-92A1-4E5A-856A-6D264912722A","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"f3c424cd94a60f9664f9fb69cc6027e75cc7ff3f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":123643,"id":"Q123643"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$2387F10A-3035-4A21-B557-E9BF7B1CF171","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"0d780905acb67c2b1b938af03e08b68df411214b","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2001-08-20T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$752EB433-9E05-4ECB-BD20-348259B5A396","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"ad60e086a74fc61d4b1f57698734d6ee2f246da9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":306127,"id":"Q306127"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$6858630A-1D69-443A-BA3C-4DDB5E1C683C","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"957970e11422fbdef7ba9db5e2b00bc9584e024a","datavalue":{"value":"03G30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$7344B433-49EA-4584-B57F-7DF767728643","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"44bfe90f17a7ad0027a9dbba6d9564554d8f86b7","datavalue":{"value":"18D15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$A97B4EE8-B1FF-4F66-8CCC-3B2266423D74","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"2337f934f367559a8ee0c48540aa4d52d0fa385a","datavalue":{"value":"03B20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$63717AD3-5BD7-4649-A32F-52CC8B336BE8","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"04b743684aa20901570d7f9a6933b8d3ba761e34","datavalue":{"value":"1635070","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$891A40EB-6149-4FB9-B000-4903F8583292","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3ef9c40dd527010b170778d7c17c0c2a1f13a1c2","datavalue":{"value":"extension of intuitionistic logic","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$DD5EF781-DC4E-458F-B479-58935E55136D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d1ecf978a28e5d1baefdbd10dbc4f102a6158a13","datavalue":{"value":"duality","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$BAE6E6F3-368C-4458-A933-233FB168D36D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e78d1e083bfd2997380d5accef0478c6d7f4bdec","datavalue":{"value":"Cartesian closed categories","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$1994E8FD-62DB-421B-BBBA-8DBD90EB097E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"af6d8535ca9909b82d6d6f629ca37d4b51f2ce8d","datavalue":{"value":"symmetrical categorical propositional calculus","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$B738AA66-8EB9-4FE9-BBC2-F70C6E29F4EC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b8bdd2a62aa1d9718fe21606a7eaf3551f35f264","datavalue":{"value":"subtractive logic","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$73C259B9-E7DB-4B1B-B9D0-80CBD461BE75","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$8EDB8755-F732-47BF-9BE0-BA5E5EC4FF4D","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"005537799f3a85442d3ad04f80b3b2e785727979","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3999603,"id":"Q3999603"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$045B273E-F117-4CC0-9BF0-A5A1250E07A9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"15ffb46be9e49b237f6fde18c89e459513c877e1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5547552,"id":"Q5547552"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$24E5ED34-31CC-489A-B726-59B76340C885","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f7efca8e4596d9afd2a5ad9c3a14e955093b5ab3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4039813,"id":"Q4039813"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$35B8E16C-CDA3-4875-8502-735B0C7F011D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fe4c1ea89bc5854f421d3a6b161146d5aecefa12","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4032862,"id":"Q4032862"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$A6954673-DE9D-465E-882E-3399652F9A23","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"28b66b617498b4af7bc3942e7919608e518b1a77","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5096263,"id":"Q5096263"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$98429DB2-3135-4851-AD71-1BEF50B612A2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a5dfbc538077da75d332fb528c12551a8b230f68","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1148885,"id":"Q1148885"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$F8547AEC-14F6-4825-B6CD-C69A3697CE09","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9d66518f09c99314187d256b3e54c7fdc6eb07ce","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4006233,"id":"Q4006233"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$CD0274B9-C5A2-42F7-B01C-69407CC2027F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"14fba5e8ace22a05b3ebef9aa0392420cd4ad549","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":685059,"id":"Q685059"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$1D689F87-28BB-4B4B-8654-0638EEC2C66B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"61ff482fe10a51a3162d2dbe276a4a5bce228b09","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3749213,"id":"Q3749213"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$B59A08BD-6B83-4EC2-8745-8366ACDBDDD1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d82b227295c10b6c3c9289b01dc8016d6c611441","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3727946,"id":"Q3727946"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$B07A7858-43B7-45C0-BA03-814AA1B3B2DF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"21bab25eceb42f52701d753efa4ce1915a7e4709","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3024846,"id":"Q3024846"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$937AACD4-2A46-47B6-9FB7-5F7D0A7BD2C2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"019bd4c75dfd12975ef47facd414f509a089febe","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3669380,"id":"Q3669380"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$E5819B64-49B1-4BC0-B601-1F066E429297","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"66257d76632b86525de5e8f5c47c6c6cf781ec1c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4255509,"id":"Q4255509"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$1A3594E9-ADEE-4319-B381-BE5D69799791","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"49fa835630938477c822be55302e9ff7c75f348e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4282613,"id":"Q4282613"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$BC9E75D6-10EF-4571-ABB4-0C06D5F255B5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c5aabcec04ea68cd3492777e2e271d92d3e496d1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4052120,"id":"Q4052120"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$E294C7D2-3600-4D3C-9913-FF5132F6886D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"37959abe365ef80037a753de9cc6df3d3f8fa2e1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3884093,"id":"Q3884093"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$94BE0FB9-E002-4B0B-9A1B-1AB89363CD9D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ff1c9576a9af1e44009a9ef9a0f7f22e091829d5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5610986,"id":"Q5610986"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$B60BBCD8-1C71-4D74-A7C0-E63D32ECF1AE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"de1b80828ef965d52c7eb2dcd201334d5ae896dd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1214451,"id":"Q1214451"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$34BEE724-5324-4DEB-BCCE-A0AF19996C62","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d986413722b76985e5563365eb3dfdce74a9084b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4342082,"id":"Q4342082"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$CD7E855B-86E1-4C2C-BF70-85A17643618B","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"6bb6dee5fe09a7f58353390f7f2e63bfb1b290b1","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3975(99)00124-3","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$24B87DC8-E622-48C8-91BB-4591CFEF0A9E","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"7a5dd8639f6498176917d5c9d17e846c9ff0e93d","datavalue":{"value":"W2912464567","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$EC2D3E49-A951-444E-9D2D-9568E163EECC","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"c2fc6e2068c95ee2799b0fdf579c7700e05af6be","datavalue":{"value":"Subtractive logic gets its name from the addition of a ``minus'' binary connective -- to the language of intuitionistic propositional calculus (IPC, with connective symbols \\(\\top\\) (``true''), \\(\\bot\\) (``false''), \\(\\wedge\\) (``and''), \\(\\vee\\) (``or''), and \\(\\Rightarrow\\) (``implies'')). The intended reading for \\(p-q\\) is ``\\(p\\), but not \\(q\\),'' and the symbols \\(\\top\\), \\(\\wedge\\), and \\(\\Rightarrow\\) are respectively ``dual'' to \\(\\bot\\), \\(\\vee\\), and \\(-\\).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe logic of this propositional language arises from the underlying axiomatics of Cartesian closed categories whose category-opposites are also Cartesian closed. \\(\\top\\) and \\(\\bot\\) correspond respectively to the terminal and initial objects; \\(\\wedge\\) and \\(\\vee\\) correspond respectively to the product and coproduct; and \\(\\Rightarrow\\) and \\(-\\) correspond respectively to the exponent and co-exponent. This symmetrical categorical propositional calculus (SCPC) can be given by a system of axioms and rules, and is shown to be equivalent to the subtractive propositional calculus of \\textit{C. Rauszer} [``Semi-Boolean algebras and their applications to intuitionistic logic with dual operations'', Fundam. Math. 83, 219-249 (1974; Zbl 0298.02064)]. The author extends the work of Rauszer with some new facts about subtractive logic, especially non-definability results. He goves on to show that SCPC has a Kripke-style semantics extending that for IPC, and uses this to prove that SCPC is a conservative extension of IPC.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEIn the latter half of the paper, subtractive predicate logic is examined, and found to be a non-conservative extension of intuitionistic predicate logic. A Gentzen-style sequent calculus for this logic is also studied.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5940919$5EE9156A-9F7A-4099-A70B-FD111EA8D2C1","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c318d65ccd036db548f3bc633229d577165961f0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":835752,"id":"Q835752"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0d5ee052ca8658d9dd54d7c5276ad0a26963314d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7690784335136414","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5940919$0668A136-AB43-46CE-8BCF-97C131FE9882","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"08aff5b83656d564c63eb6f0fc65bf37e7a6d630","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4823807,"id":"Q4823807"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3ca7e2524705cafb53e564ddc600a0cf076ff9c1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7540630102157593","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5940919$91E63D26-326D-4923-817C-FAD8BC749595","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"45d82fd2726879007c1e9ae65dd95bd67db0b6e9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":816652,"id":"Q816652"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"61cfc9c2bcbff47055cc1a028caaea89885179cd","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7518450617790222","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5940919$E67157FA-F393-43D6-AC13-358E5A393BC3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3d408a8f064ada36a5521053e356690aaff773a0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2479743,"id":"Q2479743"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c5c3b092e475e783086b67a704f3c00c91e8d00f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7502607703208923","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5940919$262F7251-1F7C-434E-A77D-3EE3928F75E5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9458a22e5116a9bbc92dcbda52ce482027f93b70","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3433172,"id":"Q3433172"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c4dbf2bcb9f8a5ae1eee8a6fa945a59c72341334","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7390010952949524","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5940919$9319178B-67BB-478B-835E-482436D99D93","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:5940919","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:5940919"}}}}}