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author studies the first-order equations NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE x'(t)=f(t,x(t)), \\text{ for a. e. } t \\in I=[0,1], \\quad x(0)=x_0, NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE and NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE x'(t)=f(t,x(t)), \\text{ for a. e. } t \\in I=[0,1], \\quad x(1)=y_0, NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE where \\(f:I\\times \\mathbb{R} \\to \\mathbb{R}\\) is a Carath\u00e9odory function. 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