{"entities":{"Q5947101":{"pageid":8123903,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q5947101","lastrevid":58630473,"modified":"2026-04-06T02:21:21Z","type":"item","id":"Q5947101","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Menshov representation spectra"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1663803"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$69042896-825C-44BF-A1B5-8CB1076CD9ED","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"90bc80c7bb8cbf4008cb686e9cb1e9606edf3242","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Menshov representation spectra","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$3AB285CE-C8F6-4F11-B605-45FBDD08FB54","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"3177e815be91b8a5ad9fe79d42d62d6590abb68b","datavalue":{"value":"0986.42004","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$811D74E2-6DCF-4791-A476-E8A768BFA685","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"3ad9e0c65912c6e52a1df486a1c634fe4bb2d24d","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF02788115","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$72EE869D-2E95-4BA5-ABB6-23A41C99CFF3","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"f6e9515c7a651b097b5cf9017b7095ae72cd4420","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":211156,"id":"Q211156"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$70CCBFCF-900E-45A5-8D42-11C3B3FDC8D9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"fcec9e3116b081390e82266643a3390018bc6d7c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":178312,"id":"Q178312"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$E1DBE078-071A-405E-AAEA-54C3114AEC41","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"e7cb94b734d7b2835c194481178a8cd8e8a59783","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":163291,"id":"Q163291"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$55E10027-6B55-4EBF-9002-0F8154883E7B","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"12ba1d953aa735572961ec1919ce144a2600d9eb","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2002-06-11T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$90626A8C-B0B8-4131-9DDA-AAB8315370B7","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"67730edc3b8ac82cd6e64d9162e4f14a08ea1bcb","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0510616","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$E6340A6D-68D4-41E6-8FA9-6413DA834458","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"7d9675e59d1e97a8e43f0b280ee2fccce6d46aaf","datavalue":{"value":"In 1941 Menshov proved that every \\(f\\in L^0(\\mathbb{T})\\), that is, every measurable function \\(f\\) from \\(\\mathbb{T}\\) to \\(\\mathbb{C}\\) can be represented as a sum of a trigonometric sum \\(f(t)= \\sum_{k\\in\\mathbb{Z}} c_k e^{ikt}\\) converging a.e. The main aim of the present paper is to investigate the question of how rich the family of exponentials must be in order to ensure the possibility of representation. The authors introduce the following notion. A set \\(\\Lambda= \\{\\lambda(n):\\cdots< \\lambda(-1)< \\lambda(0)< \\lambda(1)\\cdots\\}\\) of integers is called a Menshov spectrum if every \\(f\\in L^0(\\mathbb{T})\\) admits a representation  \\[ f(t)= \\sum_{k\\in\\Lambda} c_k e^{ikt}= \\lim_{N\\to \\infty} \\sum_{k\\in\\Lambda,|k|\\leq N} c_k e^{ikt}\\quad\\text{a.e.} \\]  The authors prove seven theorems. We cite here three of them.   Theorem 1. Given a positive sequence \\(\\varepsilon(n)= o(1)\\) as \\(n\\to\\infty\\), there exists a symmetric Menshov spectrum \\(\\lambda\\) such that \\(\\lambda(n+1)/\\lambda(n)> 1+ \\varepsilon(n)\\), \\(n= 1,2,\\dots\\)\\ .   This means that \\(\\lambda(n+1)- \\lambda(n)\\) may tend to \\(\\infty\\) as \\(|n|\\to \\infty\\).   Theorem 2. For any sequence \\(w(k)\\to \\infty\\) as \\(k\\to\\infty\\), there exists a symmetric Menshov spectrum \\(\\Lambda\\) of the form \\(\\Lambda= \\{\\pm k^2+ o(w(|k|))\\}\\).   The set \\(\\lambda= \\{\\pm k^2\\}\\) itself is not a Menshov spectrum, even after any bounded perturbation.   If we consider only positive frequencies, it follows from classical results on analytic functions that \\(\\Lambda= \\mathbb{Z}^+\\) cannot be a Menshov spectrum. However, if pointwise convergence is replaced by convergence in the \\(L^0\\)-metric, then the following is true.   Theorem 3. Every \\(f\\in L^0(\\mathbb{T})\\) can be represented as a sum \\(f(t)= \\sum_{k> 0} c_k e^{ikt}\\) converging in measure.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$5D9EEAB7-11BF-4DC7-A931-92106B5C6574","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"f099e93e09b17a8f4b1b1e914cb245858115c811","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":187023,"id":"Q187023"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$56A04DDF-233B-4066-91FE-372560A31255","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4c6183200af766898689a490cbad12672feecbf3","datavalue":{"value":"42A99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$9815EB86-FBEA-49D1-BBE2-9CF3DD612AD6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"651f43486b441940a6ff1633c71931b3c57f6813","datavalue":{"value":"42A55","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$EBC15865-0CE1-4A67-A626-6B4E5736ECBC","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"e71edb68eafef22642ef783ec2c32e1cb7418295","datavalue":{"value":"1663803","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$D3571270-0D29-4764-A3D7-A620897E1B20","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"93e436fe9f86f5f74fd6801cbbbaca03795ead3c","datavalue":{"value":"measurable function","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$E5FEE73C-EE53-472A-A219-0858B3259DDD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3ca51d6792020df7eb2089991d2d90bb16f7c723","datavalue":{"value":"trigonometric sum","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$FF7B2944-C5CF-4E6C-AF0F-B4F87C982823","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"729ce7d30b006e0a0feac3738fe17ebb7f491306","datavalue":{"value":"representation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$92B71DC9-17DB-4072-814D-C7FD1B338A30","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d1e4f3b0a466c421520c5f3924a36479f9cfaaac","datavalue":{"value":"Menshov spectrum","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$FF6605EC-5B2A-45FC-9A44-7773D6E22BE8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"03ee0109af41ad406ecd743518061baaa9e5e3ff","datavalue":{"value":"convergence","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$2F3E759F-7E19-453F-BA07-C2367167522A","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$F96C467D-2D2B-49F8-9466-3C9A5B61F254","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e2062a4a9c7af8be80a07e50d697d79a0cebf85b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3742107,"id":"Q3742107"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$97F04631-3C7E-4EAD-85C8-60B1EC90F162","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"db60558a560aca248465353db13b170b6c0036c4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5627444,"id":"Q5627444"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$A18E1B17-60BD-44C4-A580-B52C2ABB91C5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b53e1c3317b780360b414c1941d425215448ba76","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5762102,"id":"Q5762102"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$0248F6F5-21BE-42B4-BF6B-106FEE1F0E16","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8b0b2547c50c241ec0f1655448a8b99fe61d88ef","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5610507,"id":"Q5610507"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$88EA3476-F7FA-4F46-AB21-7D2FA87EAEB8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ca694d691fc5cfcbdb1e4b6fbd1ff835721a713b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4107042,"id":"Q4107042"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$E557F8F7-E33E-49A9-BB3E-5DBDC4658119","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9832b68deb3f310b10a12670511957278bf26ad7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3922765,"id":"Q3922765"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$BF557F36-15C2-4EC3-BFFF-9A7B70D37BC8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"251b1e38fc7c65f1c35bf84c79acb54cea3dae6a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3874458,"id":"Q3874458"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$C0526EA8-8F61-4488-B54C-222A8767C315","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5bee72784542a5e7c457b7eacd6b06adfce5edb6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1355477,"id":"Q1355477"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$565C5DCA-BC6B-4A70-9FAE-6AEA791449D3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b8e21bca44e0c5c453bc5e0926b2e2f5af839bb3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4700248,"id":"Q4700248"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$A78C69A6-02CD-4459-AE86-14AD4E22C22E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fa16fb5746801d7a0d43ca134b99c814da7f767f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4512867,"id":"Q4512867"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$BD35A89E-76BA-435F-9EE4-2B213BD1190B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d0275a182d4f776d3d668159084c686c7fedd6ab","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5784202,"id":"Q5784202"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$8D828A2F-A958-47A6-8B23-3F87A0F13BA8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3d89b6344c88876ee2b2443920e0f1f6340bd954","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3699335,"id":"Q3699335"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$F1B252E5-563F-4A75-9596-6780BF66350B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5fa93d07f5eccede893820877d38798c29eb5a1e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3277541,"id":"Q3277541"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$5F07817A-75F0-4197-BF8C-72F9EB930166","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6bb62142f50689696da3be8742b2abcd41446339","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3138138,"id":"Q3138138"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$3EAE5914-4BB7-451D-B5E4-CDF5FF99F03C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"657ba5438a9fecda5ea8302ebdce839cde71439f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3254471,"id":"Q3254471"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5947101$F0D6A0A3-88A0-4CC0-A4F2-B67EA1D45D7B","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d81a21ab0ba44fbbe2b64de0e3233372df9801c5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4512867,"id":"Q4512867"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"105878b1b1f4061d8c419a0f3843c1f49223c6cd","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9048870205879213","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5947101$755FAE5B-F315-4D6E-AF10-80D3B6913E23","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8443ca3c8e18e3a9fd408d69816959fc155cedc0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4794591,"id":"Q4794591"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d17223ce5e71b054f39f265672947ee719b2744f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9033831357955932","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5947101$AFBF241B-763B-4D15-A255-32FC31637028","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5eb39f3678845ecfe78f3b66ea8e45003f5af3bd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3839914,"id":"Q3839914"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b3f39179bce64f53970f6a308aef38f6a2f7d6aa","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9016025066375732","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5947101$466077AC-CCAE-4B36-95F9-F85118CCE3C2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bdd4880aec4e3204a2b1c75737fd0862f417e91f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3326217,"id":"Q3326217"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"dbb67b8b3006617f03c8c635b622264aa708c6a7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8479200601577759","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5947101$7C54F90D-0065-42BD-9FEB-9E7439AE0417","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ba8d597094e9d270f7928f9be4597d3f6b7e03ae","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":736175,"id":"Q736175"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c947a6824460515ac85689ec7cdd8fff39ea3690","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8404025435447693","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5947101$C55EA70B-003A-4D29-A94C-AEFCDB74D177","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:5947101","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:5947101"}}}}}