{"entities":{"Q5952399":{"pageid":8129201,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q5952399","lastrevid":47721982,"modified":"2026-01-02T13:00:26Z","type":"item","id":"Q5952399","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Normal and seminormal eigenvalues of matrix functions"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1688887"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$A1DF0075-20E5-4439-ACA6-BEBF6A739DA0","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"516f57010f35f6f53b561526489237fc81807518","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Normal and seminormal eigenvalues of matrix functions","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$01AF0E81-74F0-41D9-B9B1-41EA3766915E","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"19dfa2d8ad1e770d3e5c87c62417d30c3228f3e8","datavalue":{"value":"0989.15012","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$14717B0B-CED9-475B-9FDA-00A1AA61F1DE","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"e1275ec3755e3b188188f64ae00bb57b633ad4cf","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF01203175","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$64A00D63-7599-4DE8-B5B0-8D59C82B4CFB","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"643c3fa2ff38b3f7191630e6405eaf1b55d62f1c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":222653,"id":"Q222653"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$D6FD193F-AC72-4618-9006-DEE211941159","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"665773b88bb89b59230fc1bdb8e9abef7ec1e3e4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":414692,"id":"Q414692"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$F1891518-F72C-4BD8-A0D8-9107D329D58B","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"59cddf3d6c8b9ff30ec69dcac7a964502cfca1ca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":163245,"id":"Q163245"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$03CBE030-5D05-466F-83F3-F1CE8B84D0C0","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"cfd9fe0ffe645990a25b4b0074538b646a1d9a19","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2002-08-01T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$F0C4F33F-D6AA-482D-8C79-B01C3BD66EC3","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"5477c5ede1499f0195c2ab9d37dd3794f213f5bc","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(P(\\lambda)\\) be an \\(n\\)-by-\\(n\\) matrix-valued function analytic on a domain \\(\\Omega\\) of \\(\\mathbb{C}\\) and with \\(\\det P(\\lambda_0)\\neq 0\\) for some \\(\\lambda_0\\) in \\(\\Omega\\). The spectrum \\(\\sigma(P)\\) of \\(P(\\lambda)\\) is by definition the set \\(\\{\\lambda\\in \\Omega:P (\\lambda)x=0\\) for some \\(x\\neq 0\\) in \\(\\mathbb{C}^n\\}\\), and the numerical range \\(W(P)\\) of \\(P(\\lambda)\\) is \\(\\{\\lambda \\in \\Omega:x^*P(\\lambda) x=0\\) for some \\(x\\neq 0\\) in \\(\\mathbb{C}^n\\}\\). When \\(P(\\lambda) =\\lambda I_n-A\\) for some \\(n\\)-by-\\(n\\) matrix \\(A\\), \\(\\sigma(P)\\) coincides with the set of eigenvalues of \\(A\\) and \\(W(P)\\) the classical numerical range of \\(A\\). It is known that eigenvalues of \\(A\\) on the boundary of \\(W(A)\\) are normal, meaning that the corresponding eigenspace reduces \\(A\\).   The authors investigate to what extent this can be generalized to \\(P(\\lambda)\\). The main theorem (Theorem 6) says that any \\(\\lambda_0\\) in \\(\\sigma(P)\\) which is on the boundary of \\(W(P)\\) is seminormal, meaning that there is a unitary matrix \\(U\\) such that  \\[ U^*P(\\lambda) U=\\left[ \\begin{matrix} (\\lambda- \\lambda_0)P_1 (\\lambda)& (\\lambda-\\lambda_0) P_2( \\lambda) \\\\ (\\lambda-\\lambda_0) P_3(\\lambda) & P_4(\\lambda) \\end{matrix} \\right] \\]  for all \\(\\lambda\\) in \\(\\Omega\\), where \\(P_1(\\lambda)\\) is of size the algebraic multiplicity of \\(\\lambda_0\\) (= multiplicity of \\(\\lambda_0\\) as a zero of \\(\\det P(\\lambda))\\), and the \\(P_j(\\lambda)\\)'s are analytic matrix functions on \\(\\Omega\\) with \\(\\lambda_0\\notin\\sigma(P_4)\\). A partial converse of this is also proved. More refined results are also derived for the special case of \\(P(\\lambda)= \\lambda^2 I_n+\\lambda A_1+A_0\\), where \\(A_1\\) and \\(A_0\\) are Hermitian.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$B02330A4-DE03-483D-814B-C0C4D72922DE","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"de015211c641081855981090b49964fceb04e0c6","datavalue":{"value":"15A60","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$63F69DEA-612B-496B-9099-EDC0D12D755C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"83b0584a288cdbafe1b91c6545350175fc528144","datavalue":{"value":"47A12","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$B6DB829A-AB00-4199-922C-7E3A552CF1DB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b353ca9fa5871b5d283994bd1f10d77c55504354","datavalue":{"value":"15A18","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$82C0A48B-0E6F-48D4-AE39-599E9BCD4734","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"9d105b80ed6a98c28f7c2120246154d24eaf80df","datavalue":{"value":"15A54","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$E8810380-4AF4-402E-AD47-513F79E6B91F","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"e1026fc61e6d6efa99a1f3c751e41a74dd6f05fe","datavalue":{"value":"1688887","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$8D371CE9-B25C-4041-9F07-6D92B72D6E82","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3e5d6fd8aaf28cfe393bcef76e79cf475facb288","datavalue":{"value":"matrix functions","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$FA21EA8F-7E38-4C6C-B3DC-77DFB34EF115","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d493bd0998181b9361e8292b117bc6fe3486a9c3","datavalue":{"value":"seminormal eigenvalue","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$D155B933-7CFF-44C1-96B4-9CD1B9DD75F4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f499971506bb7d13eebf3a41582911b6f7a30bdf","datavalue":{"value":"spectrum","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$9741CD09-E565-4719-A0F3-B331143F905B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1c1b3cceda245963df8c7a8c5a1a1fdfc33864e7","datavalue":{"value":"numerical range","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$EF3202D6-6FC6-458B-8282-05EE7CF7C5FE","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$C9BE5DEA-87E0-4BFA-A578-6121C27DE842","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"38397407231b45cfbc2cde50f5227ec6268a2f10","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2644738,"id":"Q2644738"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$19703912-50AB-402D-B560-4EA5108528CA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a6e49316340cae5be444a30d61ee7f919a8e7b73","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3939931,"id":"Q3939931"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$20E18FD4-C5EC-4ABC-A49A-110D22ECB450","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bb72e52c6f716abd508f3f168a29cdf8fe34db3f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4040931,"id":"Q4040931"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$E1753AC9-367B-4D25-87FA-450D4A3C0E5B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2e844faf2e053a08e7279ba503780802af4b24a7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2784369,"id":"Q2784369"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$4516440C-5CBB-4578-8907-82E41AB63612","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7df5863a8ed6260a09b9783f332ba1d9382390e1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4313376,"id":"Q4313376"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$B826A8F5-ED4F-4CBE-8A63-0066E9F38392","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"35c824acffdd01afe512ec8a37f245e907811864","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3994769,"id":"Q3994769"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$1FFD5106-A5FC-4888-AB9A-E54BF5B716BA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d870299cbdb817795e8507e2045eb1fedfaa23b9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4342152,"id":"Q4342152"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$5296ACD3-3A34-4C68-AFF2-0C1C26579E75","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e7e47c3d38cfea7c6d2c13dc6417f9ae3b81d1cb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1373311,"id":"Q1373311"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$B4720F21-1624-431B-8FF4-6649C0BCB788","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"79a9c4d6166e445379efa0f8921cc636bbb7f6c6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4222260,"id":"Q4222260"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q5952399$538DB59A-A8ED-4B16-81DB-1D45969CC1B7","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2b16b52a8977288fcba9a83c565ada5cb18144e2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2702467,"id":"Q2702467"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e7cd0f7d69329d3b019d9ce6f7546c29c3497c5a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7470108866691589","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5952399$D4D097B1-07A1-40B4-9954-3DB832C53E1E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fcb376838d8c0b82af8801081bc5d596eebbc3a3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1595121,"id":"Q1595121"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"89b3875e703eedcee01288710ac67428e71f5c91","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7458590865135193","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5952399$569FB099-FCAB-4045-8BC0-745072F5A62F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3c7f8cffbe018fd3c769cb69928b8777ea17c4c1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5955651,"id":"Q5955651"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d92f960ca5c692c7d88ba7bd71672104096e3832","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7389612793922424","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5952399$91C34423-B520-4E08-8F38-324F5CFFFA3D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"11e43c313eec2e5073af931505f2704a4d7f0d1d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4218799,"id":"Q4218799"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d92f960ca5c692c7d88ba7bd71672104096e3832","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7389612793922424","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q5952399$4D257DFC-F693-4B43-9E6A-D050BD5B0D9C","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:5952399","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:5952399"}}}}}