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This suggested that, perhaps, there exists a more general operation. In a paper in [J. Math. Phys. 42, No. 4, 1869--1886 (2001; Zbl 1016.53015)] they introduced it and called it \\(D\\)-differentiation. In the present monograph this approach is developed to a profound extended treatment. Here, differential geometry is reformulated from the point of view of \\(D\\)-differentiation, which in fact contains an infinite family of operators. Because it includes covariant differentiation, it gives rise to a generalization of the usual concepts of affine connection, curvature, torsion, geodesic, etc.   Chapter 1 gives a good introduction to \\(C^\\infty\\) manifolds \\(M\\). In Chapter 2 \\(D\\)-differentiation is introduced, which provides a concept of transport in \\(M\\). A simple algebraic classification to the types of \\(D\\)-differentiation is given, the torsion and curvature operators are introduced, and relationship with Lie and covariant differentiation is analysed. Concerning the so-called Cartan formalism based on exterior differentiation the authors remark that unfortunately, in general, the non-tensorial nature of the curvature prevents the Cartan formalism from being applicable in any type of \\(D\\)-differentiation other than covariant differentiation; the reader is referred, for instance, to the previous book by the authors.   In Chapter 3 the metric tensor (a \\((0,2)\\)-tensor \\(g\\), symmetric and regular), the corresponding scalar product \\(g(\\overline v,\\overline w)\\), and non-metricity operator \\(H(\\overline u, \\overline v,\\overline w):=(D_{\\overline u}g)(\\overline v,\\overline w)\\) are introduced. The latter, together with curvature and torsion, enables to provide a completely geometrical classification of all types of \\(D\\)-differentiation (including e.g., Lie differentiation, as of vanishing curvature, but non-vanishing torsion and non-metricity, also Riemannian (or Levi-Civita) connection, etc.). Alternative approaches to \\(D\\)-differentiation, which relate it to the theory of fibre bundles, may be found in Chapter 4, e.g., \\(D\\)-differentiation in \\(TM\\) and generalised \\(D\\)-differentiation in \\(TTM\\). The euthygrammic sprays and flows are introduced, which generalise the geodesic sprays and flows of Riemannian geometry. Finally, in Chapter 5 some selected applications of \\(D\\)-differentiation are provided.   Here, the purpose is to show how this new approach sheds light on some well-known theories in physics: classical mechanics, Schr\u00f6dinger's theory, and general relativity. In particular, by means of the generalised version of Newton's second law the semi-classical motion of electrons in a crystal is described, also some insight is provided into general-relativistic 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