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Almeida} [Semigroup Forum 33, 375-390 (1986; Zbl 0588.20034)] has shown that in the case when \\(\\mathbf V\\) satisfies no permutation identity, the pseudovariety \\({\\mathcal P}^3{\\mathbf V}\\) obtained by three successive applications of the power operator \\(\\mathcal P\\) coincides with the pseudovariety \\(\\mathbf S\\) of all finite semigroups. The power exponent of a non-permutative pseudovariety \\(\\mathbf V\\) is the least integer \\(n\\) such that \\({\\mathcal P}^n{\\mathbf V}={\\mathbf S}\\); thus, for a proper pseudovariety \\({\\mathbf V}\\subset{\\mathbf S}\\), the power exponent may be equal to 1, 2 or 3. \\textit{S. W. Margolis} [Semigroup Forum 22, 339-354 (1981; Zbl 0516.20038)] has proved that \\(\\mathbf V\\) has exponent 1 if and only if \\(\\mathbf V\\) is not contained in the pseudovariety \\(\\mathbf{DS}\\) of all finite semigroups whose regular \\(\\mathcal D\\)-classes form subsemigroups. The present paper completes the classification of pseudovarieties with respect to their power exponent providing a characterization of pseudovarieties of exponent 3. The characterization is given in terms of both pseudoidentities and `forbidden' semigroups; the proofs require a careful analysis of certain subpseudovarieties of the pseudovariety 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