{"entities":{"Q608933":{"pageid":610709,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q608933","lastrevid":42603429,"modified":"2025-07-04T13:23:47Z","type":"item","id":"Q608933","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Pareto's law"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5820352"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q608933$14B7D445-B93F-4EDA-A1EF-E6FB90155036","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"a0214f8d97cf9a8fcfd711937610297430fc07f9","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Pareto's law","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q608933$14DBAD50-5598-4C83-B44D-8C8A2724FB6A","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"7b29304c313d12d97c0ff826a76b87efe7a68a27","datavalue":{"value":"1221.60012","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q608933$1F8222E2-C2FB-4E1D-B3CE-D2617A0F4C99","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"b6f3694036739041a57fa539f6b387d024320e9a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":608932,"id":"Q608932"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q608933$CAF55AB9-396C-462C-931E-9D4C74F6F232","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"7fb1fb9e3613de38b550373bd0384fba28a5a775","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":215534,"id":"Q215534"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q608933$39ED1276-E02B-4E0C-B32B-A078D741C089","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"13b61d6c4be3f0b45354768043977295eb3d5c42","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2010-11-29T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q608933$D19362EB-F810-47EA-BE34-CED7EDBBE28C","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"004abe5400502fe0f384e551b75dc6f9c9bd3b96","datavalue":{"value":"Vom Ausgangspunkt des sogenannten ``80/20''-Gesetzes von Pareto -- 80\\% aller Wirkungen basieren auf 20\\% der Ursachen -- definiert M. Hardy die Pareto-Verteilung als stetige Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung, f\u00fcr die gilt:  \\[ F(x)= P(X\\leq x)=\\begin{cases} 1-({x_0\\over x})^\\alpha\\quad &\\text{f\u00fcr }x\\geq x_0\\\\ 0\\quad &\\text{f\u00fcr }x< x_0\\end{cases}\\quad \\alpha> 0;\\;x_0> 0, \\]  in der z.B. die Zufallsvariable \\(X\\) das Einkommen einer zuf\u00e4llig ausgew\u00e4hlten Person darstellen k\u00f6nnte. Der Parameter \\(\\alpha\\) wird als Pareto-Index bezeichnet. In diesem Artikel zeigt Hardy Resultate der obigen stetigen Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung auf, indem er die Aussagen in die Ma\u00dftheorie \u00fcbersetzt.   Er verallgemeinert Paretos ``80/20-Gesetz'' zu einem ``\\((1- p)/p\\)-Gesetz'', f\u00fcr \\(p\\in(0;{1\\over 2}]\\), d.h. f\u00fcr jede reelle Zahl \\(n\\geq 0\\) existiert ein eindeutiges \\(x> 0\\), so dass \\(P(X> x)= p^n\\) und f\u00fcr diesen Wert gilt \\({\\int_{X> x} X\\,dv\\over \\int_\\Omega X\\,dv}= (1- p)^n\\). Daraus ergeben sich zwei Aussagen:   \\(\\bullet\\) gilt das ``verallgemeinerte 80/20-Gesetz'' mit bekanntem \\(p\\), dann ist \\(X\\) nach der Pareto-Verteilung mit dem Index \\(\\alpha= \\log_{{p\\over (1-p)}} p> 1\\) verteilt;  \\(\\bullet\\) f\u00fcr den Pareto-Index \\(1<\\alpha\\leq\\infty\\) erf\u00fcllt die Pareto-Verteilung das ``verallgemeinerte 80/20-Gesetz''.   F\u00fcr \\(0<\\alpha\\leq 1\\) hat die Pareto-Verteilung die Dichte \\(f (x)= {\\alpha x^\\alpha_0\\over x^{\\alpha+1}}\\), \\( x> x_0\\), und den Erwartungswert \\(\\int^\\infty_{x_0} xf(x)\\,dx= \\infty\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q608933$66CD39DC-1A44-4A07-8BAA-1EB02AC8715B","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"1aa607685f2faa2d81a018b093e1e66d41eb5a9e","datavalue":{"value":"60E05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q608933$1FBFEF36-7631-48DE-A60B-EE20FDB3832C","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"cbe03ec4894f047237515e95aeab7974b246b755","datavalue":{"value":"5820352","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q608933$C3A07F91-4860-4C21-95EE-AE2BCA34EC5C","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0f6380f722405e6b05e99fb7963aca98254b6fd5","datavalue":{"value":"Pareto's law","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q608933$15A0C8EA-84E4-4C2D-9E63-C46A07F9A531","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4246cbe1c831587f20bc6e1955e8c473e6fd30c2","datavalue":{"value":"80/20-law","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q608933$E8D13031-642D-4098-81FE-1BEAB2B72B81","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"69dbe8cbe4840d4bd88a689f8ac1e2ae7aa25b7e","datavalue":{"value":"Q56091807","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q608933$1FE24F48-11D3-4C72-8580-7BA27A3E7126","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q608933$8D4A69FD-5453-40BB-97D9-FA137B2367A8","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"c3fce0f79cffbf5dca730794f7358900f9356a3e","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00283-010-9159-2","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q608933$3477F405-80F4-4A03-B0D9-7903B9905878","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"a8f64f1399c85d5641fa3e69c32dba7881eecc93","datavalue":{"value":"W2057462391","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q608933$8906F1C6-AC03-445C-A052-A899F2B9DA42","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d68e8ecdff371e46882b67b722dedd14e030a1f5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4424511,"id":"Q4424511"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q608933$72FE4055-7817-4B7A-B0C0-60DCD369E9F4","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"d6b088e3d2f25076c4d2d0c613694df1e19e2cc2","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S00283-010-9159-2","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q608933$632B29DE-7EDE-4D83-9B7A-071F495CB275","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"63ef3ac4449149b025bd7bfb4ffb19454d58d97f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5766817,"id":"Q5766817"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a0019b2207db3c8507b2ac99e1388f883b9dc437","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.95464736","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q608933$B03A5F7F-C4E8-4250-AC47-74AFED2EE664","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"38ca04168bd7e14444667530768d3a7d8b24e315","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3173724,"id":"Q3173724"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"11d0835af954290af0ed0f2641538f92f82b694c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.88295215","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q608933$CDC59D2A-0EB1-4101-8D3F-0684E20D55E4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3fedb49331cdebf93bac89f6f521f30b115d2f31","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2386324,"id":"Q2386324"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"51e6b830066ddd5e5340092a892744f15b494529","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8827985","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q608933$EDFFA627-E476-40A4-BBBA-ECD8FBFA9361","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1b42e09384c67d72cc89021fc9046ee0bb6981c9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3631324,"id":"Q3631324"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ac1ed55a3e6624d155d2a88d007682e718e2f92c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.866365","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q608933$8D46015E-1A16-4A57-9730-B7E01BBE99D7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5d03febf9b48f7c92a9c631a7fa0f9a581ca3134","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5958362,"id":"Q5958362"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"238644f0edd64014f596d01e81f1ef9caa02e2d1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8655986","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q608933$99B02110-45EA-4809-91D7-38F8B1996E39","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7a24ea72d0a4e7182f45d610da881a4184ff3619","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4620004,"id":"Q4620004"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"982c1f7ae9f21db534e00bb07f2c3ea4934445bf","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8603567","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q608933$878E50E0-BA88-46EC-B776-B86D45A98B4B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"472fe0cadc4be960f0cf20adc739b12c81527f3f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1855540,"id":"Q1855540"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2ed0a2835d155e9a4c2dd3618fc0168688e5ef21","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8564335","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q608933$8C7F61EF-8C3E-4626-941E-E56B071566DE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ec8d38b9731baf23a6bbe4376f6aabb557a917bf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5245829,"id":"Q5245829"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c40213dcb6d6304735778aa0e9676531e2a2658f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8560565","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q608933$F1748262-EEF4-4EEC-AA1F-768C99E6DEF6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d477f05c78d360fc7a90f7e62fd7cbbcf1071f7b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2153472,"id":"Q2153472"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4c2675f856aa542dc75aebbb8f426efc665c4a53","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.85361373","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q608933$EC3E153E-DAC7-49BC-B229-B74D99115BD1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3900c6ebe11a29ab3062ff9e00d8ee558883aa37","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3607469,"id":"Q3607469"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2d405444a25a430d19e1766dcc5fcb4c10d5cdc6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.84350646","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q608933$C925A146-85D7-4A37-92B8-B20093124BF0","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:608933","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:608933"}}}}}