{"entities":{"Q6095729":{"pageid":13230036,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q6095729","lastrevid":102436364,"modified":"2026-06-06T04:27:24Z","type":"item","id":"Q6095729","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Approximate amenability and pseudo-amenability in Banach algebras"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7735732"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6095729$01629A6E-166A-47D9-A291-6F9D700D7F94","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"21350bd00427cbbc255bc930254de35470194426","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Approximate amenability and pseudo-amenability in Banach algebras","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6095729$E15ADE2E-78C0-4579-88C4-2050651DEAF4","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"0a3dcda5738fa61b2711b56d55d089be7fec360b","datavalue":{"value":"1528.46037","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6095729$A4EE2FAB-E3EE-4370-B66C-7B4D1B07212A","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"02b67105faffc14107b737028bd8e30cbf03bb0a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":679615,"id":"Q679615"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6095729$6D95F874-BC13-46B9-A9E3-AA00EE2CFE04","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"fdc13c01bd30877b2fc60d095cdc52bcc34c5630","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2023-09-08T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6095729$DEF43F72-64D0-4181-A8AD-6837C8AF08E8","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"57b2fae16d7d12b2e4b6505b701e5ecc55fdf795","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(A\\) be a Banach algebra and \\(X\\) a Banach \\(A\\)-bimodule. A linear mapping \\(D: A\\to X\\) is a derivation if \\[ D(ab) = a . D(b) + D(a) . b\\quad (a, b \\in A), \\] where \\(.\\) denotes the module action of \\(A\\) on \\(X\\). In particular, for each \\(\\xi\\in X,\\) the mapping \\(a \\mapsto \\delta_\\xi(a) := a.\\xi-\\xi.a\\) is a derivation, which is called an inner derivation. The derivation \\(D\\) is called (boundedly) approximately inner if there is a (resp. bounded) net \\((\\xi_\\alpha) \\subseteq X\\) such that  \\[ D(a) = \\lim_\\alpha (a\\xi_\\alpha-\\xi_\\alpha a), \\quad (a\\in A). \\]  A (bounded) net \\((u_i)\\) in the projective tensor product \\(A\\hat{\\otimes} A\\) is a (resp. bounded) approximate diagonal for $A$ if \\[ \\lim_i (a . u_i - u_i . a) = 0,\\quad \\lim_i\\pi(u_i)a \\to a \\quad (a\\in A), \\] where \\(\\pi: A\\hat{\\otimes}A \\to A\\) is the product mapping defined by \\(\\pi(a \\otimes b) = ab.\\)  The Banach algebra \\(A\\) is amenable if for each Banach \\(A\\)-bimodule \\(X\\), every continuous derivation \\(D: A\\to X\\) is boundedly approximately inner [\\textit{F.~Gourdeau}, Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 112, No.~3, 581--588 (1992; Zbl 0782.46043)]. This definition is equivalent to ``for each Banach \\(A\\)-bimodule \\(X\\), every continuous derivation from \\(A\\) into the dual module \\(X^*\\) is inner'' as defined in [\\textit{B.~E. Johnson}, Cohomology in Banach algebras. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (1972; Zbl 0256.18014)], and also equivalent to ``there is a bounded approximate diagonal for $A$'', see [\\textit{B.~E. Johnson}, Am. J. Math. 94, 685--698 (1972; Zbl 0246.46040)]. The amenability of Banach algebras may be generalized by dropping the above boundedness conditions as follows.  The Banach algebra \\(A\\) is approximately amenable if for each Banach \\(A\\)-bimodule \\(X\\), every continuous derivation \\(D: A \\to X\\) is approximately inner [\\textit{F.~Ghahramani} and \\textit{R.~J. Loy}, J. Funct. Anal. 208, No.~1, 229--260 (2004; Zbl 1045.46029)]; equivalently, the Banach algebra \\(A\\) is approximately amenable if for each Banach \\(A\\)-bimodule \\(X\\), every continuous derivation from \\(A\\) to \\(X^*\\) is approximately inner, see [\\textit{F.~Ghahramani} et al., J. Funct. Anal. 254, No.~7, 1776--1810 (2008; Zbl 1146.46023)].  Also, the Banach algebra \\(A\\) is called pseudo-amenable if there exists an approximate diagonal for \\(A\\).  Approximate amenability and pseudo-amenability are different notions, in general.  In this paper, the recent development of approximate amenability and pseudo-amenability in Banach algebras, concentrating on the relationship between the two notions is surveyed. It has been conjectured that a Banach algebra with a bounded approximate identity is approximately amenable if and only if it is pseudo-amenable. Some partial affirmative results concerning the conjecture are given.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6095729$CAE11D86-7F98-4CFB-814A-BD7B6A175F35","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"f418bd3da9ad2d84fcd1fc8550818a10ad82d86b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2011328,"id":"Q2011328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6095729$42FE7229-D7B9-4987-BB51-8AB325126500","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"79dcece0bd5d24cbe0d64613e87dc8fd318da982","datavalue":{"value":"46H25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6095729$761C83FA-4469-4BC9-9973-E5BAE1996180","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"13b0e146dde12f36ce99a5545918288e19496d3e","datavalue":{"value":"43A07","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6095729$9509EB6B-CF49-4D4A-AE65-3DAC660C74D5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"50f5f885df2d55875ce80e9e9c1700180f2c8892","datavalue":{"value":"43A10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6095729$37BF074A-D160-4C74-ADCF-34DCD9F7FEBD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"8abdc4b34db7186b3bb2396f93749d98203650eb","datavalue":{"value":"16E40","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6095729$DB1E9BDE-EB9F-4DE9-9FBA-553AA30D2485","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"76781b2bf74b6abd57abe05712bd3a963a715b75","datavalue":{"value":"46-02","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6095729$528954A6-1AD3-453A-A8EB-4C7A97D2B793","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"bf1392eb186ec87f514dcd3f61be7cc8f4f5ea86","datavalue":{"value":"7735732","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6095729$55B28F40-FFC8-4288-9479-37872711E162","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"faa6fb957f0ba7abce429a9e29d1938675a78562","datavalue":{"value":"approximate diagonal","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6095729$EE2CDF72-AD84-43A2-844D-967FCDC27C5A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8d009f2004a11b9d5379f29903961d8d6a3a0fd9","datavalue":{"value":"approximately inner derivation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6095729$568ECDFE-C52D-4CC1-A15A-05C3C8E590FC","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6095729$E0143183-FEE3-4EE8-A931-BFA00DDEF69A","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"ff6606295080fd270fe4885aff0d221e506af7ca","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.4310/amsa.2023.v8.n2.a6","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6095729$D8C21AD7-A391-4BBF-82DF-824D6CF240FA","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"e88cc05613c0a17427289d622df44f6ee3018a2d","datavalue":{"value":"W4385266630","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6095729$7BA9F3D4-D2D7-4490-83D5-89D6287E833F","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"cab7c00d12130efe331e94cbfd0e93e2301f7f65","datavalue":{"value":"10.4310/AMSA.2023.V8.N2.A6","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6095729$42C698A6-7969-4C11-AE02-D3ACC54C51D2","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8800f381c7440afef50e12240c7c752f750d150c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1428457,"id":"Q1428457"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c3a2449cecbb5d2a4e22364e1c8b0dd38bc9b33a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.88903743","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q6095729$A8DFEDF1-3375-40B8-A665-B8E43ED525EB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3cf3d2af901858f38ee1907006da1d5e460837ba","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":707564,"id":"Q707564"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c84aa40bcda9894a05719431c48de293a04ac142","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8757211","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q6095729$BF8521A0-BFC3-429A-B71E-6510683F86A3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5b57e8ff3a3a205913f9c994e88fd0567a56abfa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2904096,"id":"Q2904096"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d8e7d0092230cb1ad87028e3243305f434f2375f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.87279475","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q6095729$7C0C02A0-612C-43AA-8B89-E7480EEE99E4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2176864bf56e521ea8a3674037e563eedcfd06f6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":668960,"id":"Q668960"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"608e623ebe533494d5bbc8febafb25c54c4dc19a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.87125134","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q6095729$622B6007-403E-4025-AA40-308E73373050","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"22e1df4d8dd79f2f4c5bae86638c0adc15fed27c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3651824,"id":"Q3651824"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9ed6dc6f52d9714d00e60fcf3e8599d0b9f71e7e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8574085","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q6095729$2A04B5DA-8260-4016-9500-BBDDCA81A9C8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d355035bf472e5684da8feefabffbed33d26b15e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5428384,"id":"Q5428384"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"92c1553429ace83fac1823d759341dd87021345f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8451232","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q6095729$B7017C57-759A-4E1C-895E-7FF812B87C87","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d7fba6db8a09e260d35a30af6145fcac5d4bcda7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":465383,"id":"Q465383"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1a7e701444766ca661743a699e8632b64c71f885","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.82144487","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q6095729$5A88F7C0-9607-4BA6-B0E9-C4B21B06A8DF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5e4079ae2cc87bd22005ca80f92a0e0783cae459","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1002422,"id":"Q1002422"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7050091a0f0cdfe6c036025e39a910d8a64ee616","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8136639","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q6095729$2FB345EB-C383-4899-9789-B6CED84CB4BE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"754071f67898ba5c030f712e43327bf9009f6eff","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2148331,"id":"Q2148331"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2d233c09a7b929d88fdf4a1b3a419642e677a0a5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.80917317","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q6095729$9E052DFE-4949-44AF-9763-6A741B94AD57","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bb46a65c10785ce1d111c304d01096dcd50fddb2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":836110,"id":"Q836110"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6fca9cda9487a0da4148c67e7c015b35286ec4a1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8064399","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q6095729$3EF0A73C-EFCE-42E6-90D1-B19C98623DF5","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Approximate amenability and pseudo-amenability in Banach algebras","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Approximate_amenability_and_pseudo-amenability_in_Banach_algebras"}}}}}