{"entities":{"Q6108473":{"pageid":13242780,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q6108473","lastrevid":55463002,"modified":"2026-02-17T16:59:37Z","type":"item","id":"Q6108473","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Target tracking via combination of particle filter and optimisation techniques"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7704630"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$7457BD62-5936-4C8E-B390-86E603B20B0C","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"cce1016af8260ac8f6b54a98779083f07c98aa57","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Target tracking via combination of particle filter and optimisation techniques","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$4999F65A-A483-4704-A9C3-4B94AC9265F8","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"2cf618b931842dbc72499f85ed3df41c487f3377","datavalue":{"value":"1524.93068","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$4C48C7A1-6505-43FC-80EB-61C9DBBA814A","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"82ef2e729b5b0593d847989258e28a3a3f0fd88c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6108470,"id":"Q6108470"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$7E391271-C910-432B-9139-0BED789F5474","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"92929cf00bacb1b8ac7a638ada65f0cb3f6adc5d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6108471,"id":"Q6108471"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$D5CA5E5D-FA4B-4DFD-8B3D-60E1802328A6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"2026f4cee923c20f780d164ba1d3cabab4558ba4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1027201,"id":"Q1027201"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$98465EB8-9F5F-4AE1-AD67-850C486B004D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"c32ff8450704e9fbe8ae64f993e6c60eced0c1ee","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6108472,"id":"Q6108472"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$487180A6-2A55-4AF7-A7CF-2F01E037B692","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"6894cb84497d6cc4cfb41cb6f9b81a7ae3fab514","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":90322,"id":"Q90322"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$34DB5C98-0AAD-4D75-B147-3EE2EF5D8BB4","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"91be2dac51a963d285032dfc904d8d1ab12317ee","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2023-06-29T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$36C3A55F-2174-4D66-8B92-E20D018E23A1","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"51606a6136ed040b6bd8808ff5ed6afc7690fd88","datavalue":{"value":"Summary: Particle filters (PFs) have been used for the nonlinear estimation for a number of years. However, they suffer from the impoverishment phenomenon. It is brought by resampling which intends to prevent particle degradation, and therefore becomes the inherent weakness of this technique. To solve the problem of sample impoverishment and to improve the performance of the standard particle filter we propose a modification to this method by adding a sampling mechanism inspired by optimisation techniques, namely, the pattern search, particle swarm optimisation, differential evolution and Nelder-Mead algorithms. In the proposed methods, the true state of the target can be better expressed by the optimised particle set and the number of meaningful particles can be grown significantly. The efficiency of the proposed particle filters is supported by a truck-trailer problem. Simulations show that the hybridised particle filter with Nelder-Mead search is better than other optimisation approaches in terms of particle diversity.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$4AF14D6B-36D1-4DE2-BDF5-AA07E82FF7DE","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"19887720c9f9a189dd61bc85aa051ea9f0a2325d","datavalue":{"value":"93E11","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$906E1843-22FF-4214-9038-0BCA9F73CAAB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"8d42ae7884b9335550c4d21f090798ce9c56a9bf","datavalue":{"value":"90C59","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$E13BBA9F-F53F-4E62-B5BF-FC73D91FB1CF","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"e27366ed69b46da54d3cefa5642bafbb91a39d02","datavalue":{"value":"7704630","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$75B184DC-3180-4F0B-900E-74E5C6BB43B7","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"df95c58e1d8c5ca143fa40a6aec643b3a5f1686d","datavalue":{"value":"target tracking","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$FF916845-7DA7-4C48-B19D-655E8D8DBEF1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7a06e1efeb4cdf160a5587bea1768a398550266f","datavalue":{"value":"particle filters","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$71755F64-80C5-4C8C-91D2-677BAAA62EC5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"74dcd1d2cd9b4d3d31d40b8462e8a7ec4044727f","datavalue":{"value":"particle swarm optimisation (PSO)","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$B78BBB24-9FE1-4AE1-BCBF-B4E6CD9CAB55","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7bd2e11dc7b9d2100a22c2584d4201af15d9dc92","datavalue":{"value":"Nelder-Mead","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$F95DD86A-5783-4163-94DB-B05AF3CE28B0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a3941a474fe1d3386c407278dea8281b6972420d","datavalue":{"value":"pattern search","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$7260A61B-C6C7-4696-9888-3FE6104ADFE0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"68d1962f88797bf365d105b2d5201dab386aac0f","datavalue":{"value":"differential evolution","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$E3997E07-49DD-41B7-89BD-F7F394B7E24C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ba84f19179135ac7d141f5c6c960df293d7c9c17","datavalue":{"value":"sample impoverishment","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$2C962F8A-AD1C-45C6-A8DD-1DDBAE7867EB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d94c201afea97866a255147bf9b19b6c411de983","datavalue":{"value":"truck-trailer problem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$581B0EFD-B2C1-4107-8989-4CE6434D5C70","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f828563fee5a57e5f16da87a79378ac587cea3ac","datavalue":{"value":"simulation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$2D7EED8E-6BD0-4668-B82F-AFF9A998BBFF","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$753FB264-2597-4CE2-B78B-158896533844","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"b1771ad1d07c914cdb77404ce3c819152f7539e9","datavalue":{"value":"Q61711215","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$D99221F2-0221-4EA2-ADD0-B4FDFAB00F35","rank":"normal"}],"P1635":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1635","hash":"1501f89999c98fb60b08fee2ba22b3749b69dd49","datavalue":{"value":"journals/ijmno/HosseiniJAG16","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$934CC1BE-1219-407A-98E3-14D2DC75BD75","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"3451a225e053e72792ba0276c4752d1baa5ee335","datavalue":{"value":"10.1504/IJMMNO.2016.077068","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6108473$4AF1E035-FA09-4980-BAC6-B40CD914BBA7","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0eee0c016f42e8b5e7765eb60080a154227a4986","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5194248,"id":"Q5194248"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3c73f80f33f326972f5d7e49c8999660673363eb","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8218054175376892","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q6108473$EBF00086-9DA5-4A64-8D1F-9945C0E61CB6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"27851bb8a81e0bacf89b811371f7dd8f2c19c404","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3517739,"id":"Q3517739"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0e7b2fbb1cd48a71f067b9f5eec11c0dcb700917","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8061902523040771","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q6108473$D9E7619E-04DD-49C1-ADE9-2C6568407A5A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4439efcf827f625eb796d4d1ffa6d80a0f12d38d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4685714,"id":"Q4685714"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6e4e02cc23f3cb292a791394f79c68561f7d5ed0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7910824418067932","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q6108473$C179DF8A-C962-4F19-BFD3-EBC38B5FBDFD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"20c2ba77978af12ce7d1873a185101a92b8582c7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5276802,"id":"Q5276802"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4eee4176b617c49b6acbe4372ff26e6ef89295a1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7879695892333984","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q6108473$2D688B51-C623-4CA7-9676-05C20BEA0CCA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5faad1f1ae842b103055b30f76d4cf3ee17a8202","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3461021,"id":"Q3461021"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bff9c907c16e9c52ae21cf387ee3590779a925f6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7859596610069275","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q6108473$B49C1D91-7031-455A-BC78-7D523C7A6194","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:6108473","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:6108473"}}}}}